Urinary System

Question 1

Main functions of the Urinary System

Answer 1

● Maintain water and electrolyte
balance (Na, Cl, K)
● Excretes waste products
● Regulated blood pH
● Stimulates RBC formation

Question 2

Largest protein in the body

Answer 2

Albumin

Question 3

Part of filtration; is made up of proteins

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

Kidneys are enclosed in a capsule cushioned with

Answer 4

adipose tissue

Question 5

_____ kidney is lower than the _____ kidney

Answer 5

Right, Left

Question 6

The indention on the medial side of the kidney where renal vessels and ureter exit

Answer 6

Hilum

Question 7

Innermost pieces like that house the nephrons

Answer 7

Renal Medulla

Question 8

Describe the Nephron (Function)

Answer 8

• Basic functional unit of the kidneys
• Where all absorption and excretion happens
• Controls the kidney
• Responsible for exchanging waste products and nutrients

Question 9

Urine is made of _______.

Answer 9

Blood

Question 10

True or False

Blood enters the kidney through the veins from the heart, it cleans by passing through the kidney, and waste products come out of the ureter.

Answer 10

False.

Blood enters the kidneys through the arteries.

Question 11

True or False

The kidney cleanses the blood in order for it to go back to the bloodstream towards the heart to harvest oxygen again and vice versa.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Connects the vein and artery and acts as a bridge or extension.

Answer 12

Fistula

Question 13

It houses the glomerulus

Answer 13

Bowman’s capsule

Question 14

• the filtering unit of the kidney
• Specialized bundle of capillaries
• Filters the electrolytes; waste products and nutrients.

Answer 14

Glomerulus

Question 15

Loop of Nephron / Loop of Henle (Function)

Answer 15

transport system towards the ureter or bloodstream

Question 16

entry point going to the bowman’s capsule, specifically in the glomerulus. (glomerular filtration)

Answer 16

Afferent arteriole

Question 17

the movement of substances from the blood within the
glomerulus into the capsular space.

Answer 17

Glomerular Filtration

Question 18

What is the efferent arteriole?

Answer 18

exit point going to the tube

Question 19

the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood

Answer 19

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 20

It absorbs the nutrients going to the bloodstream

Answer 20

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 21

The loop for rejected substances or the waste going to the ureter

Answer 21

Nephron Loop

Question 22

the tube going down to the descending limb

Answer 22

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Question 23

tube after the ascending limb

Answer 23

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Question 24

explain the Collecting Tubule

Answer 24

process or where the tubular secretion happens

Question 25

the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid

Answer 25

Tubular Secretion

Question 26

A disease where the kidneys are not functioning properly caused by the nephrons (there is a secretion in albumin made by the glomerulus).

Answer 26

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 27

Albumin should not be filtered by the glomerulus, but once it is secreted, an individual could have ________ Disease which indicates that the glomerulus is defective.

Answer 27

Glomerular Disease

Question 28

Nephritis

Answer 28

inflammation in the nephrons

Question 29

➔ It is commonly requested diagnostic procedure by physicians ➔ It can reveal overt diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus and Asymptomatic Urinary tract infection.

Answer 29

Urinalysis

Question 30

Bladder (Function)

Answer 30

Stores urine

Question 31

no letters can be seen behind; it means that there are several substances in the urine

Answer 31

Turbid

Question 32

Determination of specific Gravity and pH

Answer 32

The concentration of solutes; the density of urine compared to water

Question 33

How many parameters are used for routine urinalysis; laboratories; commonly used

Answer 33

4 Parameters

Question 34

When is 10 parameters used?

Answer 34

used for specific medical purposes

Question 35

Type of examination that examines the cells or microorganisms that contribute to or affect the clarity of the urine

Answer 35

Microscopic Examination

Question 36

RBC - ___ micrometer WBC - ___ micrometer

Answer 36

7 12

Question 37

The largest and most normal cells to be seen in urine

Answer 37

Squamous Epithelial Cells

Question 38

Types of Urine Collection urine activity after waking up which is ideal for pregnancy test; women have higher HCG level

Answer 38

Fresh Morning Urine

Question 39

Types of Urine Collection disregarding the first portion of the urine; secreting the first part of urine secretion in the toilet before collection.

Answer 39

Midstream Clean Catch

Question 40

What is the normal odor of urine?

Answer 40

Ammoniacal / Pungent