Urinary System Flashcards
Main functions of the Urinary System
● Maintain water and electrolyte
balance (Na, Cl, K)
● Excretes waste products
● Regulated blood pH
● Stimulates RBC formation
Largest protein in the body
Albumin
Part of filtration; is made up of proteins
Plasma
Kidneys are enclosed in a capsule cushioned with
adipose tissue
_____ kidney is lower than the _____ kidney
Right, Left
The indention on the medial side of the kidney where renal vessels and ureter exit
Hilum
Innermost pieces like that house the nephrons
Renal Medulla
Describe the Nephron (Function)
- Basic functional unit of the kidneys
- Where all absorption and excretion happens
- Controls the kidney
- Responsible for exchanging waste products and nutrients
Urine is made of _______.
Blood
True or False
Blood enters the kidney through the veins from the heart, it cleans by passing through the kidney, and waste products come out of the ureter.
False.
Blood enters the kidneys through the arteries.
True or False
The kidney cleanses the blood in order for it to go back to the bloodstream towards the heart to harvest oxygen again and vice versa.
True
Connects the vein and artery and acts as a bridge or extension.
Fistula
It houses the glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
- the filtering unit of the kidney
- Specialized bundle of capillaries
- Filters the electrolytes; waste products and nutrients.
Glomerulus
Loop of Nephron / Loop of Henle (Function)
transport system towards the ureter or bloodstream
entry point going to the bowman’s capsule, specifically in the glomerulus. (glomerular filtration)
Afferent arteriole
the movement of substances from the blood within the
glomerulus into the capsular space.
Glomerular Filtration
What is the efferent arteriole?
exit point going to the tube
the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood
Tubular Reabsorption
It absorbs the nutrients going to the bloodstream
Peritubular Capillaries
The loop for rejected substances or the waste going to the ureter
Nephron Loop
the tube going down to the descending limb
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
tube after the ascending limb
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
explain the Collecting Tubule
process or where the tubular secretion happens
the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid
Tubular Secretion
A disease where the kidneys are not functioning properly caused by the nephrons (there is a secretion in
albumin made by the glomerulus).
Nephrotic Syndrome
Albumin should not be filtered by the glomerulus, but once it is secreted, an individual could have ________ Disease which indicates that the glomerulus is defective.
Glomerular Disease
Nephritis
inflammation in the nephrons
➔ It is commonly requested diagnostic
procedure by physicians
➔ It can reveal overt diseases such as
Diabetes Mellitus and Asymptomatic
Urinary tract infection.
Urinalysis
Bladder (Function)
Stores urine
no letters can be seen behind; it means that there are several substances in the urine
Turbid
Determination of specific Gravity and pH
The concentration of solutes; the density of urine compared to water
How many parameters are used for routine
urinalysis; laboratories; commonly used
4 Parameters
When is 10 parameters used?
used for specific medical purposes
Type of examination that examines the cells or microorganisms that contribute to or affect the clarity of the urine
Microscopic Examination
RBC - ___ micrometer
WBC - ___ micrometer
7
12
The largest and most normal cells to be seen in urine
Squamous Epithelial Cells
Types of Urine Collection
urine activity after waking up which is ideal for
pregnancy test; women have higher HCG level
Fresh Morning Urine
Types of Urine Collection
disregarding the first portion of the urine; secreting the first part of urine secretion in the toilet before collection.
Midstream Clean Catch
What is the normal odor of urine?
Ammoniacal / Pungent
