Digestive System Flashcards
Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) / Alimentary Canal
From Mouth to Anus
Accessory digestive organs
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary Glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
Functions of the Digestive System
- Ingestion
- Secretion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
Is the breakdown of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood
Digestion
Two types of Digestion
- Chemical Digestion
- Mechanical Digestion
How we digest food
- Ingestion
- Food is being broken down and mixed with saliva > via esophagus secretion
- (Stomach) acid coming from the gastric glands gets mixed with the food
- (Chyme) Exits the stomach and goes to the
- Small Intestine (the major organ for digestion and absorption)
- Further absorption occurs in the Large Intestine
- Undigested materials are brought to the rectum (where they are stored until they are ready to)
- Exit the body through the anus
- Moistens food and mucous membrane
- Neutralizes bacterial acids: flushes
bacteria from the oral cavity - Digests carbohydrates
- Lubricates food
- Has mild antibacterial activity
Mouth / Oral Cavity
Plays an important role in digestion because
they make saliva
Salivary Glands
An enzyme that makes it easier for the stomach to break down starches in food.
Amylase
- Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
- It aids in the movement of food to the stomach, and upper, and lower esophageal sphincters.
Esophagus
Esophagus (form)
- Muscular tube
- lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium
- Located at the upper and lower ends of the esophagus
-Regulate the movement of food into and out of the esophagus
LOWER AND UPPER SPHINCTER
- Temporarily store food
- Contract and relax to mix and break down food
- Produce enzymes and other specialized cells to digest food
- The mixture of enzyme and digestive juices
break down the food
Stomach
Stomach (Form)
- It is a J-shaped organ that digests food
- The “Get Started” Phase
Cephalic Phase
“Go For It “ Phase
Gastric Phase
“Slow Down” Phase
Intestinal Phase
Major Function of Small Intestine
Absorption of nutrients
3 parts of Small Intestine
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
The portion of the digestive tract extending
from the ileocecal junction to the anus
Large Intestine
4 parts of the Large Intestine
- Cecum
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal Canal
-is the largest organ of the body
-It consists of 4 lobes
Liver
- a fluid important for digestion
- produced by the liver
Bile
a small sac on the inferior surface of the liver
that stores concentrated bile
Gall bladder
During digestion, It produces enzymes and
secretion of buffers to increase the PH of the fluid
secreted from the stomach.
Pancreas
It receives almost completely digested food from the cecum, absorbs water and nutrients, and passes waste (stool or feces) to the rectum
Colon
It absorbs large volumes of water and electrolytes, and the microbial digestion of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates
Ceucum
Undigested materials are brought to the _________ where they are stored until they are ready to exit the body through the _________
Rectum, Anus
Process where complex molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are broken down into smaller pieces that your body can use
Chemical Digestion
Physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles
Mechanical Digestion
