urinary system

Question 1

what is the renal corpuscle

Answer 1

site of filtration of the blood

Question 2

what delivers the blood to the renal corpuscle?
- what do they form here

Answer 2

• afferent arterioles that branch from interlobular arteries deliver the blood
• forms capillaries that form the glomerulus that sits within the bowmans capsule

Question 3

what part of the renal corpuscle is the glomerulus

Answer 3

it is the parietal layer of the renal corpuscle

Question 4

what forms the filtration barrier

Answer 4

the fused basement membranes of capillary endothelial cells s and pedicles of the podocytes

Question 5

what is the parietal and visceral layer of the bowmans capsule
THIS A QUESTION ON THE EXAM

Answer 5

parietal layer: simple squamous capillary endothelial cells

visceral : podocytes

Question 6

where do the filtrates from the blood end up and where do the exit

Answer 6

• they end up inside the capsule and exit the renal corpuscles through the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 7

what is the lumen of the bowman capsule continous with
ON THE EXAM

Answer 7

continous with the lumen of the proximal tubule

Question 8

what is the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 8

the point of contact between a nephrons distal tubule and the vascular pole of its glomerulus ( afferent and efferent arterioles)

Question 9

flow of blood through the juxtaglomerular complex( vascular pole)

Answer 9

• afferent arteriole enters the corpuscle forming the glomerulus
• nutrient rich blood is filtered of toxins
• blood leaves renal corpuscle through the efferent arterioles
• the efferent and afferent aretriole exit at the same side

Question 10

where is the distal convoluted tubule found and what is it continuous with

Answer 10

• at the vascular pole
• the DCT contacts the renal corpuscle and is in continuation with the nephron tubules

Question 11

where does the proximal convoluted tubule connect to and run?
what does it become?

Answer 11

the proximal connects to the lumen of the bowman’s capsule and runs through the loop of henle to seek the ascending limb to become the DCT

Question 12

what is the macula densa

Answer 12

modified epithelieal cells from the lining of the DCT and is where the DCT come in contact with the renal corpuscle

Question 13

what is the macula densa responsible for

Answer 13

acts as sensors for Na and Cl concentration and if it is too highor low it adjusts the flow of blood into the renal corpuscle at the afferent arteriole

Question 14

what are the special cells of the afferent arteriole, what do they secrete, and where do they come from?

Answer 14

• secretory cells that come from the smooth muscle of the media of the afferent arteriole
• they are the juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin

Question 15

what are the 3 cell types of the juxtaglomerular complex
ON THE EXAM

Answer 15

• macula densa
• juxtaglomerular cells
• extraglomergular mesnagial lacis cells

Question 16

what makes up the nephron
- what is NOT included if it were what would make up instead

Answer 16

• renal corpuscle + renal tubule
• not the collecting ducts : if you add this then it is the uniferous tubule

Question 17

what does the proximal convoluted tubule do

Answer 17

modifies the concentration of filtrate via reabsorbtion

Question 18

what is absorbed in the PCT

Answer 18

proteins, sodium, chloride, and most water

Question 19

where does sodium reabsorption also occur and why

Answer 19

along the thick ascending limbs and DCT because you have the aldosterone regulate Na channels that allow reabsorption of Na along the DCT

Question 20

what does the collecting duct reabsorb and via what
-what is it the target of

Answer 20

water via aquaporins
- they are the target of ADH

Question 21

what can you identify with immunohistochemistry
THIS IS DEF ON THE EXAM

Answer 21

aquaporins

Question 22

what is the path of vascularization of the kidney

Answer 22

• renal artery> segmental artery> interlobar artery > arcuate artery>interlobular artery > afferent areteriole> glomerulus capillaries > efferent arteriole
• then you have the coninuation of blood throughtout the cortex through the peritubular capillaries
• capillaries > interlobular vein > arcuate vein > interlobar vein> exit via renal vein

Question 23

how does blodd leave at the renal corpuscles that are at the junction between the cortex and the medulla

Answer 23

glomerular capillaries exit via efferent arterioles but run down to the bottom of the medulla, at the vasa recta that return blood into the interlobular vein

Question 24

after traveling through interlobular artery, blood flows into what

Answer 24

afferent arterioles