Urinary System

Question 1

Body Fluid found inside cells

Answer 1

Cytoplasm (Intracellular Fluid)

Question 2

Fluid outside of the cells

Answer 2

Extracellular Fluid

Question 3

Fluid Component of blood (composed of endolymph, perilymph, aqueous humor, cerebral spinal fluid and a few others) the rest is interstitial fluid

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

Where blood enters the kidney, and is separated into waste products

Answer 4

Renal artery

Question 5

Where the waste products exit the kidney to

Answer 5

Ureters

Question 6

How the purified blood is returned to the body

Answer 6

Through the RENAL Vein

Question 7

Outer region of the kidney

Answer 7

Cortex

Question 8

Region Below the Cortex in the kidney (formed by tubules that carry urine to the central cavity)

Answer 8

Medulla

Question 9

clusters of medullary tubules

Answer 9

renal pyramids

Question 10

thin membrane at the tip of a renal pyramid

Answer 10

renal papilla

Question 11

large tube that collects urine as it crosses the papilla and carries it to the central cavity

Answer 11

renal calyx

Question 12

the central cavity where urine is brought to

Answer 12

renal pelvis

Question 13

where the urine is transported to from the renal pelvis of each kidney

Answer 13

the urinary bladder

Question 14

urine is transported from the pelvis to the bladder through these

Answer 14

ureters

Question 15

Urine passes from the bladder to be voided through a single tube called…

(in males also transports semen from reproductive organs)

Answer 15

the urethra

Question 16

functional units of the kidney , consisting of …
Bowmans Capsule
The Proximal Convoluted tubule
The loop of Henle
The Distal Convoluted tubule
and the collecting duct

Answer 16

Nephrons

Question 17

Blood vessels that carry blood to a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus

Answer 17

Afferent Arteriole

Question 18

tuft of capillaries located within Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 18

Glomerulus

Question 19

blood vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

Answer 19

Efferent capilaries

Question 20

Capillaries that surround the rest of the nephron tubules, also where exchange of materials between blood and urine

Answer 20

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 21

___% of total blood passes through the kidneys (1200 ml/min)

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

20% of the blood plasma flowing into the _____ through the _____ arteriole is filtered into _______.

Answer 22

glomerulus, afferent, Bowman’s

Question 23

Blood pressure increases above normal, glomerular hydrostatic pressure would increase , GFR( glomerular filtration rate) would increase and volume of urine excreted would increase

Answer 23

Pressure diuresis

Question 24

Cells, in the walls of of the distal convoluted tubules, sense the REDUCED ION LEVELS and signal the juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 24

Macula Densa

Question 25

Cells located next to IN THE WALLS of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLES

Answer 25

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 26

enzyme release, initiated by the juxtaglomerular cells as an endocrine response, into the blood

Answer 26

Renin

Question 27

The movement of molecules from the urine back into the peritubular capillaries

Answer 27

Reabsorption

Question 28

The movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubules

Answer 28

Secretion

Question 29

When a filtered load containing carrier molecules and amino acids approaches 2 to 3 times normal concentration they begin to appear in the urine, it is said that ____ has been exceeded

Answer 29

Tubular Maximum (Tmax)

Question 30

As the filtrate moves through the descending limb, water is removed by osmosis and carried away by a series of PARALLEL SYSTEM OF CAPILLARIES called the ____ ____

Answer 30

vasa recta

Question 31

HORMONE produced if the body is DEHYDRATED, produced by the hypothalamus and stored int he pituitary gland, then released into the blood stream

Answer 31

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 32

The two hormones that regulate fluid balance by targeting the kidney ___ and ____

Answer 32

Antidiuretic (ADH) and Aldosterone

Question 33

Sodium Ion retaining hormone

Answer 33

Aldosterone

Question 34

Aldosterone is produced by this outer portion of the ADRENAL GLANDS

Answer 34

Adrenal cortex

Question 35

Receptors, that control the reflex of the nervous system that controls the ADH release,

located in the Hypothalamus of the brain,

Answer 35

Osmoreceptors

Question 36

General term that refers to the conditions that cause excessive urine output

Answer 36

Diabetes

Question 37

Caused by lack of insulin the hormone needed for glucose uptake by certain cells, this condition

Answer 37

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 38

Loss of WATER that is not matched by a loss of electrolytes,

either water is lost without electrolyte loss, or

is lost more rapidly that electrolytes

Answer 38

Dehydration

Question 39

simultaneous loss of BOTH WATER AND ELECTROLYTES

hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, skin loss

Answer 39

Volume Depletion