Urinary System Flashcards
Body Fluid found inside cells
Cytoplasm (Intracellular Fluid)
Fluid outside of the cells
Extracellular Fluid
Fluid Component of blood (composed of endolymph, perilymph, aqueous humor, cerebral spinal fluid and a few others) the rest is interstitial fluid
Plasma
Where blood enters the kidney, and is separated into waste products
Renal artery
Where the waste products exit the kidney to
Ureters
How the purified blood is returned to the body
Through the RENAL Vein
Outer region of the kidney
Cortex
Region Below the Cortex in the kidney (formed by tubules that carry urine to the central cavity)
Medulla
clusters of medullary tubules
renal pyramids
thin membrane at the tip of a renal pyramid
renal papilla
large tube that collects urine as it crosses the papilla and carries it to the central cavity
renal calyx
the central cavity where urine is brought to
renal pelvis
where the urine is transported to from the renal pelvis of each kidney
the urinary bladder
urine is transported from the pelvis to the bladder through these
ureters
Urine passes from the bladder to be voided through a single tube called…
(in males also transports semen from reproductive organs)
the urethra
functional units of the kidney , consisting of …
Bowmans Capsule
The Proximal Convoluted tubule
The loop of Henle
The Distal Convoluted tubule
and the collecting duct
Nephrons
Blood vessels that carry blood to a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus
Afferent Arteriole
tuft of capillaries located within Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
blood vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
Efferent capilaries
Capillaries that surround the rest of the nephron tubules, also where exchange of materials between blood and urine
Peritubular Capillaries
___% of total blood passes through the kidneys (1200 ml/min)
20%
20% of the blood plasma flowing into the _____ through the _____ arteriole is filtered into _______.
glomerulus, afferent, Bowman’s
Blood pressure increases above normal, glomerular hydrostatic pressure would increase , GFR( glomerular filtration rate) would increase and volume of urine excreted would increase
Pressure diuresis
Cells, in the walls of of the distal convoluted tubules, sense the REDUCED ION LEVELS and signal the juxtaglomerular cells
Macula Densa
Cells located next to IN THE WALLS of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLES
juxtaglomerular cells
enzyme release, initiated by the juxtaglomerular cells as an endocrine response, into the blood
Renin
The movement of molecules from the urine back into the peritubular capillaries
Reabsorption
The movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubules
Secretion
When a filtered load containing carrier molecules and amino acids approaches 2 to 3 times normal concentration they begin to appear in the urine, it is said that ____ has been exceeded
Tubular Maximum (Tmax)
As the filtrate moves through the descending limb, water is removed by osmosis and carried away by a series of PARALLEL SYSTEM OF CAPILLARIES called the ____ ____
vasa recta
HORMONE produced if the body is DEHYDRATED, produced by the hypothalamus and stored int he pituitary gland, then released into the blood stream
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
The two hormones that regulate fluid balance by targeting the kidney ___ and ____
Antidiuretic (ADH) and Aldosterone
Sodium Ion retaining hormone
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is produced by this outer portion of the ADRENAL GLANDS
Adrenal cortex
Receptors, that control the reflex of the nervous system that controls the ADH release,
located in the Hypothalamus of the brain,
Osmoreceptors
General term that refers to the conditions that cause excessive urine output
Diabetes
Caused by lack of insulin the hormone needed for glucose uptake by certain cells, this condition
Diabetes Mellitus
Loss of WATER that is not matched by a loss of electrolytes,
either water is lost without electrolyte loss, or
is lost more rapidly that electrolytes
Dehydration
simultaneous loss of BOTH WATER AND ELECTROLYTES
hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, skin loss
Volume Depletion
