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Systems Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Body Fluid found inside cells

A

Cytoplasm (Intracellular Fluid)

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2
Q

Fluid outside of the cells

A

Extracellular Fluid

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3
Q

Fluid Component of blood (composed of endolymph, perilymph, aqueous humor, cerebral spinal fluid and a few others) the rest is interstitial fluid

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Where blood enters the kidney, and is separated into waste products

A

Renal artery

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5
Q

Where the waste products exit the kidney to

A

Ureters

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6
Q

How the purified blood is returned to the body

A

Through the RENAL Vein

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7
Q

Outer region of the kidney

A

Cortex

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8
Q

Region Below the Cortex in the kidney (formed by tubules that carry urine to the central cavity)

A

Medulla

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9
Q

clusters of medullary tubules

A

renal pyramids

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10
Q

thin membrane at the tip of a renal pyramid

A

renal papilla

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11
Q

large tube that collects urine as it crosses the papilla and carries it to the central cavity

A

renal calyx

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12
Q

the central cavity where urine is brought to

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q

where the urine is transported to from the renal pelvis of each kidney

A

the urinary bladder

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14
Q

urine is transported from the pelvis to the bladder through these

A

ureters

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15
Q

Urine passes from the bladder to be voided through a single tube called…

(in males also transports semen from reproductive organs)

A

the urethra

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16
Q

functional units of the kidney , consisting of …
Bowmans Capsule
The Proximal Convoluted tubule
The loop of Henle
The Distal Convoluted tubule
and the collecting duct

A

Nephrons

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17
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood to a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus

A

Afferent Arteriole

18
Q

tuft of capillaries located within Bowman’s Capsule

A

Glomerulus

19
Q

blood vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

A

Efferent capilaries

20
Q

Capillaries that surround the rest of the nephron tubules, also where exchange of materials between blood and urine

A

Peritubular Capillaries

21
Q

___% of total blood passes through the kidneys (1200 ml/min)

A

20%

22
Q

20% of the blood plasma flowing into the _____ through the _____ arteriole is filtered into _______.

A

glomerulus, afferent, Bowman’s

23
Q

Blood pressure increases above normal, glomerular hydrostatic pressure would increase , GFR( glomerular filtration rate) would increase and volume of urine excreted would increase

A

Pressure diuresis

24
Q

Cells, in the walls of of the distal convoluted tubules, sense the REDUCED ION LEVELS and signal the juxtaglomerular cells

A

Macula Densa

25
Q

Cells located next to IN THE WALLS of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLES

A

juxtaglomerular cells

26
Q

enzyme release, initiated by the juxtaglomerular cells as an endocrine response, into the blood

A

Renin

27
Q

The movement of molecules from the urine back into the peritubular capillaries

A

Reabsorption

28
Q

The movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron tubules

A

Secretion

29
Q

When a filtered load containing carrier molecules and amino acids approaches 2 to 3 times normal concentration they begin to appear in the urine, it is said that ____ has been exceeded

A

Tubular Maximum (Tmax)

30
Q

As the filtrate moves through the descending limb, water is removed by osmosis and carried away by a series of PARALLEL SYSTEM OF CAPILLARIES called the ____ ____

A

vasa recta

31
Q

HORMONE produced if the body is DEHYDRATED, produced by the hypothalamus and stored int he pituitary gland, then released into the blood stream

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

32
Q

The two hormones that regulate fluid balance by targeting the kidney ___ and ____

A

Antidiuretic (ADH) and Aldosterone

33
Q

Sodium Ion retaining hormone

A

Aldosterone

34
Q

Aldosterone is produced by this outer portion of the ADRENAL GLANDS

A

Adrenal cortex

35
Q

Receptors, that control the reflex of the nervous system that controls the ADH release,

located in the Hypothalamus of the brain,

A

Osmoreceptors

36
Q

General term that refers to the conditions that cause excessive urine output

A

Diabetes

37
Q

Caused by lack of insulin the hormone needed for glucose uptake by certain cells, this condition

A

Diabetes Mellitus

38
Q

Loss of WATER that is not matched by a loss of electrolytes,

either water is lost without electrolyte loss, or

is lost more rapidly that electrolytes

A

Dehydration

39
Q

simultaneous loss of BOTH WATER AND ELECTROLYTES

hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, skin loss

A

Volume Depletion

40
Q
A

Systems Physiology (9 decks)

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