Hematology Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Connective tissue composed of cells suspended within a liquid intercellular matrix

Blood

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Liquid Intracellular matrix withing which blood is suspended

Plasma

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Blood color for oxygenated _____ , and low oxygen _____

Bright red, dark blueish red

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Quantity of blood in an average person

5 liters

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Viscosity of Blood

3 to 4 times thicker than water

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Blood composition, percentage ____% plasma, and
____% formed elements

52-58%, 42 -48%

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Measurement of the percent formed elements in the blood

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Formed elements components, ____, _____, and _____

Red blood cells (Corpuscles), White blood cells (Leukotocytes) and, Platelets (Thrombocytes)

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Red Corpuscles

Red blood cells

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Leukotocytes

White Blood cells

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Thrombocytes

Platelets

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Blood pH

slightly alkaline around [ 7.4 ]

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Vital molecule found in erythrocytes, consisting of globular protein portion (globin) and four heme groups

hemoglobin

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Oxygenated Hemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin

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Hemoglobin w/o oxygen

Reduced Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin with carbon dioxide bound to it

Carbaminohemoglobin

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In red marrow, this is the precursor cell for all blood cells

hemocytoblast

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In red blood cells the HEMOCYTOBLAST develops into this rapidly dividing cell

erythroblast

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Red cells released from the bone marrow

reticulocytes

(the presence of these in the blood indicates active bone marrow)

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There are _____ million erythrocytes per cubic mm. of blood

4.5 to 5.5

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of the 75 trillion cells in the human body 25 trillion are _____

erythrocytes

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Two vitamins required for DNA synthesis in diving cells are _____ and _____

Vitamin B and Folic Acid

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Type of factor the stomach lining contains, that promotes the absorption of vitamin B12

Intrinsic

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This hormone, that is produced by the liver and kidneys, stimulates erythrocyte production

erythropoietin

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A type of Erythrocyte abnormality, a REDUCED HEMATOCRIT with a decrease in red cell count

Anemia

Inadequate dietary Iron intake causes this

Iron deficiency anemia

This is caused by red marrow failure as can occur in radiation exposure

Aplastic anemia

This is caused by substitution of improper amino acids in the hemoglobin molecules

Sickle Cell Anemia

This is an increase in Hematocrit with the concentration of red blood cells above normal

Polycythemia

Three types of Granular Leukocytes, ______, ______, and _______

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

These Granular Leukocytes make up 60% of the total number of white cells, they are micro-phagocytes

Neutrophils

These Granular Leukocytes compose less than 3% of the total number of white cells, ACIDIC STAINS, and involved with detoxification of foreign proteins entering the lungs and digestive system

Eosinophils

These Granular Leukocytes make up less than 1% of white cells, act by releasing heparin and histamine at the site of damaged tissue

Basophils

This is a vasoactive agent that increases blood flow to the affected area, and allows the space to fill with fluid

Histamine

This prevents the formation of blood clots helping them to maintain continuous blood flow to damaged tissue

Heparin

Two types of Agranular Leukocytes _____, and _____

Lymphocytes, and Monocytes

This type of agranular leukocyte composes about 30% of white cells, are the key players in specific immunological defense (immune) system

Lymphocytes

This type of agranular leukocytes are the largest of the white cells, making up about 5% of the white cell count, act as macrophagocytes digesting large amounts of debris with lysosomal enzymes

Monocytes

There are usually ____to _____ thousand leukocytes per cubic mm of blood

5-10

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, and monocytes are examples of this _______ response

inflammatory

Decrease in the number of circulating white cells

Leucopenia

Increase in the white blood cell count

Leukocytosis

Cancer of the leukocytes

Leukemia

Cancer of the leukocytes, which were derived from the bone marrow

Myeloid Lukemia

Cancer of the leukocytes, which are associated with the lymph nodes

Lymphoid Leukemia

with leukemia the patients resistance to infection is _____ due to the cells being both anatomically and functionally abnormal

Decreased

This refers to the prevention of blood loss

Hemostasis

Platelets, important for plugging the hundreds of small ruptures that occur throughout the vasculature each day

Thrombocytes

Thrombocytes are fragments of these LARGE cells that like other blood cells are derived from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow

Megakaryocytes

There are around ____ to _____ thousand platelets per cubic mm. of blood

150 to 350

At the site of a rupture platelets will act as plugs and release this vasoconstrictor that reduces blood flow in a damaged vessel

Serotonin

The synthesis of prothrombin in the liver requires this vitamin

Vitamin K

This factor produced by the liver, circulates in inactive form in the plasma

Fibrinogen

Damaged vessels release this kind of substance that causes prothrombin to be converted to thrombin (active form)

Activator

This active form of prothrombin

Thrombin

These ions are necessary for the activation of prothrombin to thrombin

Calcium

The activation of prothrombin leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to this,

Fibrin

these proteins form long strands that intertwine making a meshwork over a ruptured area, ultimately pulling the ends of the rupture together

Fibrin

This is a type of clotting abnormality, is a genetic disease characterized by lack of one of the clotting factors they don't bleed more, but they bleed longer which lead to more blood loss

hemophilia

A stationary clot that actually plugs the vessel itself is called this

Thrombus

A wandering clot, one that has become dislodged from the vessel wall is called this

Embolus

Plasma is made up of 92% what

water

Water, salts, hormones, gases, nutrients, waste products and liver proteins make up

Plasma

The three types of liver proteins that make up part of plasma are _____, ______, and _______

Albumin, Globulins, and Clotting factors

This liver protein aids in maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure, also acts as a CARRIER for certain other blood borne groups

Albumin

This liver protein transports certain fat molecules and vitamins in the blood,

Globulins

A class of globulins that is produced by lymphocytes and act as antibodies

Gamma Globulins

This kind of liver protein, including prothrombin and fibrinogen, prevents blood loss and aids in hemostasis

Clotting Factors

The most familiar blood group

ABO group

Universal donor blood group

Type O

Universal recipient blood group

Type AB

Blood group first discovered in rhesus monkeys

Rh group

what percent of the human population is Rh +

85%

The first line of defense against harmful pathogens

external barriers of the body, skin, mucous membranes

The second line of defense against harmful pathogens

internal physiological mechanisms, phagocytosis, inflammation and fever

The third line of defense against harmful pathogens is

The immune system (Recognize, react, remember)

The part of the antigen that serves as the recognition factor

epitope

This is released by a T helper cell, and stimulates the programmed B cell to divide repeatedly forming clones

Interleukin