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Systems Physiology > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

the condition of being in the optimal steady state

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2
Q

Disease

A

follows loss of homeostasis

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

the condition of being in the optimal steady state

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4
Q

Plasma

A

liquid extracellular fluid (for blood cells)

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5
Q

interstitial fluid

A

liquid extracellular fluid (living cells)

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6
Q

cytoplasm

A

intracellular fluid

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7
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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8
Q

tissue

A

structures formed by the same cell type

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9
Q

organ

A

groups of different kinds of tissue combined

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10
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups of organs that together are able to perform soe homeostatic function

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11
Q

Organism

A

Group of organized organ systems

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12
Q

Circulatory System

A

Continuously replenishes raw materials and removes waste products of cells, The HEART pumps the blood, the arteries distribute the blood, the capillaries exchange nutrients for waste and the veins collect the blood and return it to the heart

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13
Q

Respiratory System

A

Brings oxygen into the body where it rapidly enters the blood, transports carbon dioxide (metabolic waste) out of the body

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14
Q

Digestive System

A

Digests materials passing through the GI tract into absorbable forms in the bloodstream and eliminating the waste, providing the body with nutrients to sustain life

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15
Q

Skeletal System

A

Supports soft tissues against gravity, protects organs, and supplies blood to cells and important minerals

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16
Q

Muscular System

A

provides movement with organ systems including the heart (cardiac muscle) and other internal organs with visceral muscle and communication w/ skeletal muscle

17
Q

Urinary system

A

purges metabolic waste from the body and keeps water and electrolytes in balance to control blood pressure

18
Q

Nervous System

A

allows the body to perceive and respond to the environment and its conditions

19
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Communicate information regarding conditions in the internal or external environment to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

20
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Assesses the condition and if necessary acts to change them by activating MOTOR EFFECTORS

21
Q

Motor Effectors

A

respond to signals with muscle contraction or gland secretion

22
Q

Endocrine System

A

control system alongside NERVOUS SYSTEM, exerts control by using blood-borne hormones to produce effects in target cells

23
Q

Reproductive System

A

Contributes to the survival of the organism because every organism will ultimately fail and a new one must take its place

24
Q

Nervous system (control)

A

Electrochemical control system

25
Q

Endocrine system (control)

A

Chemical hormone control system

26
Q

Gain

A

the degree of effectiveness of a control mechanism,
the higher the gain the better the control

Gain = Correction / Error

27
Q

Positive feedback

A

the correction and error moving in the same direction,
e.g. loss of 2 liters of blood; output of the heart falls by half and the nervous system reacts but isn’t receiving enough blood to function properly all the while the heart is pumping less and less blood till the organ fails

28
Q

Negative Feedback

A

When something deviates from the normal, a control mechanism alerts and causes it to revert back to normal

29
Q

Feed Forward (control mechanism)

A

Making a blind attempt and assessing the result and correcting it the second time around

30
Q

Fluid mosaic

A

the membrane that surrounds living body cells, double layer phospholipid membrane with proteins on the surface

31
Q

Fluid Mosaic (Permeability)

A

Lipid soluble materials can pass through the lipid portion of the membrane, while water soluble materials move through pores in the proteins that penetrate the membrane

32
Q

Concentration outside cell (interstitial fluid)

A

Sodium and Chloride Ions

33
Q

Concentration inside cell (interstitial fluid)

A

Potassium and Magnesium ions

34
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration as a result of random motion of dissolved particles

35
Q

Osmosis

A

Systems Physiology (9 decks)

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