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H Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system includes

A

Two Kidneys.
- Two Ureters.
- Urinary bladder.
- Urethra.

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2
Q

Kidney’s shape and color is

A

It is bean shaped organ
Reddish brown in colour

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3
Q

Kidney’s site

A

on the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum, opposite T12, L1, L2, L3 vertebrae.

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4
Q

each kidney has:

A

❖ 2 ends (poles): upper and lower
❖ 2 borders : lateral border and medial
❖ 2 surfaces : Anterior and Posterior

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5
Q

Describe the lateral and medial border of the kidney

A

Lateral convex and smooth and the medial border is concave and presents the hilum of the kidney near its middle

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6
Q

Which kidney is lower in position

A

The right kidney is lower in position than the left one. (Pushed by right lobe of liver)

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7
Q

At superior end lies what?

A

adrenal
(suprarenal) gland

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8
Q

Kidney’s weight is?

A

About 130 gm

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9
Q

Kidney is supplied by

A

Renal artery from the Abdominal Aorta.

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10
Q

Kidney is drained by

A

Renal vein to the Inferior Vena Cava(IVC).

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11
Q

Cortex is

A

is the outer part of the kidney.

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12
Q

Medulla is the and formed of how many

A

inner part of the kidney and is formed of 7 - 14 medullary pyramids.

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13
Q

The renal sinus is? And occupied by?

A

is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the 7 -14 minor calyces.

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14
Q

The minor calyces unite to form?

A

3 major calyces

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15
Q

3 major calyces unite to form ?

A

the renal pelvis

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16
Q

the renal pelvis continues down as

A

ureter

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17
Q

Define Nephron

A

functional unit of kidney Approximately 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney
Part in cortex and part in medulla

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18
Q

Parts of nephron:

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule
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19
Q

Renal Corpuscle is formed of

A

a. Glomerulus b. Bowman’s capsule

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20
Q

Renal Tubule is formed of?

A

a. Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT) b. Loop of Henle c. Distal convoluted tubule(DCT)

21
Q

Is Collecting duct part of the nephron?

A

Collecting duct: is not a part of nephron

22
Q

The structures enter or leave the kidney through the hilum from

A

Anterior to Posterior

23
Q

What enters or leave the hilum?

A

Tributaries of Renal Vein
Branches of Renal Artery
Renal Pelvis

24
Q

List the Renal coverings

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

25
Q

Factors that support the kidney

A

The pararenal fat & renal fascia
The adjacent viscera
The abdominal pressure.

26
Q

Define ureters

A

The ureters are muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

27
Q

Ureters lie on the

A

posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum
(retroperitoneal).

28
Q

Ureters lentgh

A

25-30 cm

29
Q

Ureter has how many parts? Name them?

A

three parts:
Abdominal ureter
Pelvic ureter
Intravesical or intramural ureter

30
Q

Abdominal ureter starts from where to where

A

from the renal pelvis to the pelvic brim

31
Q

Pelvic ureter starts from where to where

A

from the pelvic brim to bladder

32
Q

Intravesical or intramural ureter within the

A

within the bladder wall.

33
Q

Each ureter is about …… in diameter

A

3 mm

34
Q

Ureters narrows at 3 sites list them

A
  1. At the ureteropelvic junction
  2. At the pelvic inlet
  3. In the ureterovesical
    junction.
35
Q

The sites were the uretes narrows are

A

these 3 sites as the most likely
places for ureteral stones to
lodge.

36
Q

Define Urinary bladder

A

it is a hollow organ with strong muscular wall which acts as reservoir for urine and contract to evacuate it.

37
Q

Site of the Urinary bladder in the infants and adults

A

In the infant it lies in the abdomen while in adults it lies in the pelvis when empty & ascends to the abdomen when full.

38
Q

empty bladder is described as having:

A
  1. Apex
  2. Base
  3. Superior surface
  4. Inferolateral surfaces
  5. Neck
39
Q

Base of the bladder is

A

Its superolateral angles receive the ureters.

40
Q

The Neck of the urinary bladder is

A

it is the lowest and most fixed part of the bladder. It is continuous with the urethra .

41
Q

The urethra begins at

A

It begins at neck of the bladder.

42
Q

In male the urethra opens in

A

it opens at the apex of glans penis.

43
Q

In female the urethra opens at

A

In the vestibule

44
Q

The female urethra is … segment & measures about … length.

A

one
4 cm

45
Q

Male urethra is about …… in length & divided into … parts

A

20 cm
4

46
Q

Male urethra is divided into 4 parts
Name them and their length

A

Preprostatic part (1 cm)
Prostatic urethra (2.5 cm)
Membranous urethra (1.5 cm)
Penile urethra (15 cm)

47
Q

Course in male and female is

A

S shaped - curved
Straight

48
Q

Relation to the genital system in male and female

A

Male: Pass through the prostate and the penis.
Female: Does not pass through the genital passage but is close to anterior wall of the vagina

H Anatomy (12 decks)

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