CNS Flashcards
Nervous System Anatomical Classification
Central Nervous System CNS
Peripheral Nervous System PNS
Central Nervous System CNS is consisted of
Brain
Spinal cord
PNS is consisted of
Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal Nerves (31 pairs)
Nervous System (Physiological Classification)
Somatic and autonomic
Brain is divided to 3 parts name them
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain
Forebrain is consisted of
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hindbrain is consisted of
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Main parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Diencephalon
Cerebrum consists of
two cerebral hemispheres; right and left.
Cerebellum consists of
two cerebellar hemispheres; right and left
Brain stem formed from the
midbrain, the pons and the medulla oblongata.
Diencephalon divided into
thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
and meta-thalamus
Cerebrum is what (according to it’s size)
is the largest part of the brain & has two
hemispheres.
Cerebrum surface shows ridges of tissue, called
Gyri
Gyri separated by grooves called
sulci
The two cerebral hemisphere are Connected together by
corpus callosum.
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes name them
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipitallobe
Frontl lobe is responsible for
Thinking , memory, behaviour and movement
Parietal lobe is responsible for
Language and touch
Temporal lobe is responsible for
Hearing, learning and feelings
Occipital is responsible for
Sight
Brainstem is responsible for
Breathing, heart rate and temperature
Cerebellum is responsible for
Balance and coordination
Cerebellum is also called
Little brain
Describe Cerebellum structure and site
Small structure under the base at the back of the
brain
Cerebellum has how many hemisheres? Describe its surface
has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface
or cortex
Cerebellum function is
Responsible for balance and coordination
Define Cerebellar ataxia
Uncoordinated movement due to lesion in the cerebellum
Ataxic gait
Unsteady walk
Brainstem lies in between what and what
between the cerebrum and the
spinal cord.
Brainstem Control
breathing , blood pressure and
heart rate
Spinal cord length, shape, site
45 cm long
cylindrical
lies within the vertebral canal
Spinal cord extends from …… to ……
Extends from foramen magnum to
L 2vertebra
Spinal cord is Continuous above with
medulla oblongata
The lower tapering end of the spinal cord is called
Conus medullaris
Spinal cord Gives rise to how many spinal nerves
31 pairs
Group of spinal nerves is continuous with the end of the spinal cord is called
cauda equina
cauda equina is
Group of spinal nerves is continuous with the end of the spinal cord
Each segment in the spinal cord gives origin to a
pair of spinalnerves.
Spinal nerves are classified into
8 cervical nerves
12 thoracicnerves
5 lumbar nerves
5 sacral nerves
1 coccygealnerve
Meninges are
three coverings of the central nervous system
Meninges are arranged from inside outwards
- Pia mater
- Arachinoid mater
- Dura mater
Spaces related to the meninges
- Subarachnoid space
- Subdural space
- Epidural space
The cerebrospinal fluid is the
fluid circulating inside the CNS in subarachnoid space
Meningitis is
The inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord including the dura, arachnoid and pia mater
