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H Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Types of glands

A

Exocrine gland
Endocrine gland
Mixed

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2
Q

Exocrine glands

A

They have ducts that carry their secretions to the
surface of the body

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3
Q

Example of Exocrine glands

A

the sweat and mammary glands

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4
Q

Example of Endocrine glands

A

thyroid & pineal glands

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5
Q

Example of Mixed glands

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

Endocrine Glands secretion are called?where are they secreted?

A

Their secretions are called hormones and are secreted directly into the blood and then carried to control body functions

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7
Q

Which gland are ductless n which have ducts

A

Endocrine are ductless
Exocrine glands and mixed both have ducts

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8
Q

Define Mixed glands

A

They have ducts to secrete their secretions & also
secrete their hormones in the blood

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9
Q

Endocrine glands include?

A
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid gland
  5. Thymus gland
  6. Adrenal gland
  7. Pancreas
  8. Gonads
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10
Q

Gonads are

A

Testis & ovary

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11
Q

Pitutary glands is called

A

The master

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12
Q

Describe the pitutary glands (size wise)

A

Small

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13
Q

Pituitary gland rests on what?

A

the hypophyseal fossa in Sella turcica (a depression in the sphenoid bone)

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14
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by

A

infundibulum

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15
Q

Pituitary gland consists of

A

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

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16
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe of the pitutary glands

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adreno-cortico-tropichormone
Lutinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulatinghormone(FSH)
Melanocyte stimulatinghormone(MSH)

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17
Q

Growth hormone function is to

A

stimulates somatic growth; mobilizes fats; spares glucose

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18
Q

Prolactin function

A

promotes lactation

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19
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones (T3,T4&TSH)

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20
Q

Adreno-cortico-tropichormone function

A

promotes release of glucocorticoids and androgen

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21
Q

Lutinizing hormone (LH) function in female

A

secretion of estrogen and progesterone

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22
Q

Lutinizing hormone (LH) function in male

A

promotes testosterone production

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23
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in females

A

ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production

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24
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in males

A

stimulates sperm production

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25
Melanocyte stimulatinghormone(MSH) function
regulates the skin pigment cells
26
Hormones of the posterior lobe of pitutary glands are
Oxytocin Vasopressin or the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
27
Oxytocin act on, mention it’s function in both of them
Uterus stimulates uterine contractions to initiates labor Breast initiates milk ejection
28
Vasopressin or the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) function
stimulate kidney to reabsorb water
29
Describe the pineal gland (size wise)
Small
30
Site of the pineal gland
near the center of the brain
31
The pineal gland contains
specialized secretory cells called pinealocytes
32
The pinealocytes synthesize
melatonin hormone
33
Melatonin function
affects the daily physiologic cycles
34
Thyroid glands site
in the lower part of the front of the neck just below the larynx
35
Thyroid gland weight
30 grams
36
Thyroid glands consists of
Two lobes ( right and left)
37
Thyroid glands are connected together by
Isthmus
38
Thyroid glands secrets three hormones
Thyroxine (T4) Tri-iodo- thyronine (T3) by follicular cells
39
Parathyroid gland are (number and shape wise)
four smal rounded pea-shaped glands
40
Parathyroid gland site
located in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
41
Parathyroid gland secretes
the parathyroid hormone (PTH)
42
parathyroid hormone function
which regulates calcium levels in the blood
43
Parathyroid hormone is known to be
essential for life - Complete absence of PTH ensues death within few days
44
PTH increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by:
Parathyroid Hormone 1 receptor Parathyroid Hormone 2 receptor
45
Parathyroid Hormone 1 receptor is presented where
present at high levels in bone and kidney
46
Parathyroid Hormone 2 receptor is presented where
present at high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta
47
Thymus gland site
lies between the lungs & in front of the heart and its pericardium
48
Thymus glands consists of how many lobes? Connected by?
two lobes, right and left and connected by connective tissue
49
Thymus glands activity
increased during childhood and then atrophies and changed into mass of adipose tissues
50
Thymus glands secretes what hormone?mention it’s function?
the hormone thymosin affect production and differentiation of T-lymphocytes which are important in immunity
51
Islets are the region of the pancreas that contain its
endocrine cells
52
Beta cells (β)
(60% of a typical islet) which synthesize Pancreas and secrete insulin
53
Alpha cells (α)
(30%) the source of glucagon
54
Delta cells (δ)
which are considerably less abundant, produce somatostatin
55
F cells
(2%) produce Pancreatic polypeptide
56
Site of each beta/alpha/delta cells
Beta cells (β): at the center of islet Alpha cells (α):at the periphery of the islet Delta cells (δ): around the periphery
57
Adrenal (suprarenal) gland site
Right and left gland, each one lies on the upper pole gland of its corresponding kidney
58
Adrenal gland (size and color wise)
Each is smal yellowish body
59
Adrenal is formed of ?what is the color of each?
outer layer (light color) called cortex inner core (deep color) called medulla
60
The cortex secrets
aldosterone, cortisol and androgens
61
The medulla of the suprarenal glands secrets
adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

H Anatomy (12 decks)

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