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H Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of glands

A

Exocrine gland
Endocrine gland
Mixed

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2
Q

Exocrine glands

A

They have ducts that carry their secretions to the
surface of the body

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3
Q

Example of Exocrine glands

A

the sweat and mammary glands

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4
Q

Example of Endocrine glands

A

thyroid & pineal glands

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5
Q

Example of Mixed glands

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

Endocrine Glands secretion are called?where are they secreted?

A

Their secretions are called hormones and are secreted directly into the blood and then carried to control body functions

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7
Q

Which gland are ductless n which have ducts

A

Endocrine are ductless
Exocrine glands and mixed both have ducts

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8
Q

Define Mixed glands

A

They have ducts to secrete their secretions & also
secrete their hormones in the blood

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9
Q

Endocrine glands include?

A
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid gland
  5. Thymus gland
  6. Adrenal gland
  7. Pancreas
  8. Gonads
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10
Q

Gonads are

A

Testis & ovary

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11
Q

Pitutary glands is called

A

The master

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12
Q

Describe the pitutary glands (size wise)

A

Small

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13
Q

Pituitary gland rests on what?

A

the hypophyseal fossa in Sella turcica (a depression in the sphenoid bone)

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14
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by

A

infundibulum

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15
Q

Pituitary gland consists of

A

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

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16
Q

Hormones of the anterior lobe of the pitutary glands

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adreno-cortico-tropichormone
Lutinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulatinghormone(FSH)
Melanocyte stimulatinghormone(MSH)

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17
Q

Growth hormone function is to

A

stimulates somatic growth; mobilizes fats; spares glucose

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18
Q

Prolactin function

A

promotes lactation

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19
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones (T3,T4&TSH)

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20
Q

Adreno-cortico-tropichormone function

A

promotes release of glucocorticoids and androgen

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21
Q

Lutinizing hormone (LH) function in female

A

secretion of estrogen and progesterone

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22
Q

Lutinizing hormone (LH) function in male

A

promotes testosterone production

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23
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in females

A

ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production

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24
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in males

A

stimulates sperm production

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25
Q

Melanocyte stimulatinghormone(MSH) function

A

regulates the skin pigment cells

26
Q

Hormones of the posterior lobe of pitutary glands are

A

Oxytocin
Vasopressin or the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

27
Q

Oxytocin act on, mention it’s function in both of them

A

Uterus stimulates uterine contractions to initiates labor
Breast initiates milk ejection

28
Q

Vasopressin or the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) function

A

stimulate kidney to reabsorb water

29
Q

Describe the pineal gland (size wise)

A

Small

30
Q

Site of the pineal gland

A

near the center of the brain

31
Q

The pineal gland contains

A

specialized secretory cells called pinealocytes

32
Q

The pinealocytes synthesize

A

melatonin hormone

33
Q

Melatonin function

A

affects the daily physiologic cycles

34
Q

Thyroid glands site

A

in the lower part of the front of the neck just below the larynx

35
Q

Thyroid gland weight

A

30 grams

36
Q

Thyroid glands consists of

A

Two lobes ( right and left)

37
Q

Thyroid glands are connected together by

A

Isthmus

38
Q

Thyroid glands secrets three hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Tri-iodo- thyronine (T3) by follicular cells

39
Q

Parathyroid gland are (number and shape wise)

A

four smal rounded pea-shaped glands

40
Q

Parathyroid gland site

A

located in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

41
Q

Parathyroid gland secretes

A

the parathyroid hormone (PTH)

42
Q

parathyroid hormone function

A

which regulates calcium levels in the blood

43
Q

Parathyroid hormone is known to be

A

essential for life - Complete absence of PTH ensues death within few days

44
Q

PTH increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by:

A

Parathyroid Hormone 1 receptor
Parathyroid Hormone 2 receptor

45
Q

Parathyroid Hormone 1 receptor is presented where

A

present at high levels in bone and kidney

46
Q

Parathyroid Hormone 2 receptor is presented where

A

present at high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta

47
Q

Thymus gland site

A

lies between the lungs & in front of the heart and its pericardium

48
Q

Thymus glands consists of how many lobes? Connected by?

A

two lobes, right and left and connected by connective tissue

49
Q

Thymus glands activity

A

increased during childhood and then atrophies and changed into mass of adipose tissues

50
Q

Thymus glands secretes what hormone?mention it’s function?

A

the hormone thymosin affect production and differentiation of T-lymphocytes which are important in immunity

51
Q

Islets are the region of the pancreas that contain its

A

endocrine cells

52
Q

Beta cells (β)

A

(60% of a typical islet) which synthesize Pancreas
and secrete insulin

53
Q

Alpha cells (α)

A

(30%)
the source of glucagon

54
Q

Delta cells (δ)

A

which are considerably less abundant, produce somatostatin

55
Q

F cells

A

(2%) produce Pancreatic polypeptide

56
Q

Site of each beta/alpha/delta cells

A

Beta cells (β): at the center of islet
Alpha cells (α):at the periphery of the islet
Delta cells (δ): around the periphery

57
Q

Adrenal (suprarenal) gland site

A

Right and left gland, each one lies on the upper pole
gland of its corresponding kidney

58
Q

Adrenal gland (size and color wise)

A

Each is smal yellowish body

59
Q

Adrenal is formed of ?what is the color of each?

A

outer layer (light color) called cortex
inner core (deep color) called medulla

60
Q

The cortex secrets

A

aldosterone, cortisol and androgens

61
Q

The medulla of the suprarenal glands secrets

A

adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

H Anatomy (12 decks)

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