Urinary System

Question 1

How many kidneys do we have and where are they located?

Answer 1

2 kidneys

Above the waist on the either side of the spine

Size of a man’s fist

Question 2

Kidneys function

Answer 2

Produce urine

Maintain fluid balance in the body

Blood circulates in the kidney’s
(retains useful substances and filters out waste which are excreted as urine)

If water is depleted in the blood stream, kidneys reabsorb water to maintain balance

If there is excess water in the blood stream, The kidneys will excrete it to maintain balance

Regulate blood pressure

Maintain balance of sodium, potassium, acid and alkaline (PH)
^- these minerals are important for healthy function of muscle and bone

Question 3

From the kidney, urine moves down through the.. and then to the…

Answer 3

URETERS which are tubes that transport it to the

URINARY BLADDER which expands to hold the urine

Question 4

What prevents the urine from backing up into the kidneys when the bladder is full?

Answer 4

Valves

Question 5

How much urine can be contained in a bladder?

Answer 5

200-400 ml of urine

Question 6

External sphincter muscles are under

Answer 6

Voluntary control

Question 7

We can over-ride the reflex to urinate by

Answer 7

Conscious effort

Question 8

Infants usually are trained to gain control around the age of

Answer 8

2 years old

Question 9

UTI (urinary tract infection)

Answer 9

Most common

More common in women than men

Question 10

Why are UTI s imore common in women than men?

Answer 10

Because the urinary tract is shorter and close to the vagina and rectum, offering little protection against entry of micro organisms into the bladder

Always wipe front to back to avoid transmitting bacteria into the urethra

Question 11

True or False?

UTI Infections are sometimes transmitted by use of hot tubs

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Cystitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

May be caused by: bacterial infection, chemicals or mechanical injury

Symptoms: burning or painful urination

Question 13

Obstructive disorders

Answer 13

Causes infection by stones that form in the kidneys

Stones are crystalline structures made of materials the kidneys usually excrete in the urine

Most stones are made of calcium *

Can cause severe cramping if they move down into the urethra or ureter

Small stones may eventually be passed from the system

Otherwise they may have to be removed using shockwave therapy or surgery