Blood Flashcards

Question

Arteries

Answer 1

“Conducting arteries” Conduct blood from the heart to medium sized muscular arteries The structure of arteries: elasticity and contractibility Oxygenated blood in the arteries is red Arteries are thick walled, muscular and elastic vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles arterioles: small microscopic arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries They play an important role in regulating blood flow from arteries to capillaries

Answer 2

Microscopic vessels that usually connect arterioles and venules These are tiny blood vessels which branch off the arterioles They are one celled epithelial tissue which services all tissues of the body The exchange of nutrients, chemicals oxygen, and waste products are found at the union of capillaries that lead to the venules This exchange is called l: ANASTOMOSIS

Answer 3

The Venous system is a complex network of veins and venules (tiny veins through which blood returns to the heart and lungs for recharge of oxygen) When several capillaries unite to a small vein it is called a venule Venule collect deoxygenated blood containing waste products from the capillaries and drain into veins

Answer 4

A vessel that transports deoxygenated blood away from the tissue and organs and back towards the heart Walls are thinner but larger in diameter in comparison to arteries Are not elastic Veins contain valves controlling blood flow Veins are closer to the outer skin surface of the body than arteries

Answer 5

vein draining the blood from the lower portion of the body

Answer 6

Vein which drains blood from the upper portion of the body

Answer 7

Lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels

Answer 8

They protect the body from disease by developing immunity‘s and destroying disease causing microorganisms and to drain tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid It carries waste and impurities away from their cells

Answer 9

They both transport fluids the difference is that lymphatic system transports lymph and the blood system transports blood

Answer 10

The nervous system

Answer 11

Are tubes that are closed at one end Can occur individually or in clusters that are called lymph capillaries

Answer 12

The primary function is to produce, maintain and distribute lymphocytes which provide defence against infection and other environmental hazards Drains excess interstial fluid Transports lipids and lipid soluble vitamins absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract to the blood Lymphatic tissue carries out immune responses Maintains blood volume by returning the interstitial fluid seeping out of the capillary walls back to the circulatory system Carry nourishment from blood to cells Removes waste from blood and cells Suitable fluid environment for cells To aid in reducing swelling, inflammation and accumulations in the blood vessels

Answer 13

Interstitial fluid Most common in the feet and ankles The lymphatic system functions to return this fluid to the circulatory system

Answer 14

Lymphatic channels collect the fluid and they flow through lymph ducts to eventually return to the circulatory system at the superior aspect of the chest

Answer 15

The chest This is so fluid is encouraged to move back into the circulatory system

Answer 16

A defence against infection

Answer 17

Major lymph nodes are located at the base of the neck, axillae (armpits), groin and abdomen where they filter lymph from the head, arms, legs and intestinal track

Answer 18

Antibodies

Answer 19

Major organs of the lymphatic system include lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow

Answer 20

Lymph flows through a node in one direction The lymph node functions like a filter purifying lymph before it reaches the venous blood circulation At least 99% of the antigens in the lymph are removed It provides an early warning system

Answer 21

The thymus gland is the main organ of the lymphatic system Its primary function is to promote the development of T lymphocytes (cells of the immune system) Once mature, the cells leave the thymus and are transported via blood vessels to the lymph nodes and spleen T lymphocytes are responsible for cell mediated immunity - which involves the activation of certain immune cells to fight infection The thymus also produces hormones that promote growth and maturation

Answer 22

largest organ of the lymphatic system primary function is to filter blood of damage cells, cellular debris, and pathogens aids in the maturation of lymphocytes The spleen is rich in blood supplied through the splenic artery The spleen also contains efferent lymphatic vessels which transport lymph away from the spleen and towards the lymph nodes

Answer 23

Bone marrow is the soft, flexible tissue found inside the bone Bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets Bone marrow stem cells play in important role in immunity as they generate lymphocytes

Answer 24

Oval shaped pink tissue at the back of the throat You have two tonsils one on each side Tonsils help to fight infection by reacting to germs that enter the nose and mouth Infected tonsils become inflamed and swollen tonsilitis is more common in children

Answer 25

This is a type of hardening of the arteries resulting from fibro fatty lesions in the arteries Aggravated by smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes This can result in blood clots which can damage organs and possibly heart attacks

Answer 26

Most commonly seen in the legs The valves which control blood flow become weak and ceise to function Veins become dilated and blood pools in the vein sometimes leading to seepage of fluid into surrounding tissues Seen in 10 to 20% of all adults Main causes: heredity, obesity, pregnancy and work which caused people to be on their feet constantly No Massage should be performed over varicose veins

Answer 27

An aneurism is a localized dilation of the blood vessel and can occur in arteries and veins. The aneurism can rupture and cause an interruption in blood flow which can lead to a stroke

Answer 28

The presence of a thrombus (clot) in a vein and the inflammatory response in the wall of a vein This is most common in the calf of a leg Pain and tenderness is common in the area If the vein is deep in the leg there may be no obvious symptoms The danger of a thrombus is that any massage in the area may free the clot and turn into an embolus which will move through the veins and into an artery possibly causing a heart attack or stroke NO massage of any kind

Answer 29

High blood pressure is the most common of all health problems in adults Hypertension means the pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries is higher than normal Uncontrolled high blood pressure may lead to hardening of the arteries and kidney disease Causes: heredity, high sodium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol, stress and oral contraceptive drugs (in women who are predisposed High blood pressure can be controlled with medication No heat packs should be applied to the trunk of the body clients with high blood pressure should not be allowed to take saunas, whirl pools or steam cabinets

Answer 30

Hypotension is an abnormal drop in blood pressure when a person gets up from lying down to a standing position. Dizziness or fainting may occur If a client has low blood pressure they should get up very slowly and be supported while rising

Answer 31

Chest pain associated with deficiency of blood going to the heart This is usually caused by blockages of the arteries to the heart and may be brought on by exertion or stress It is often mistaken for indigestion

Answer 32

The heart is completely deprived of blood Onset is usually sudden with severe pain which may radiate down the left arm and possibly into the jaw Women often suffer a typical symptoms including nausea and vomiting or shortness of breath and may not experience chest pain With no blood supply areas of the cardiac muscle die and there’s damage to the heart muscle and the person may not survive the attack if treatment is not received promptly

Answer 33

A stroke is an acute, local neurological deficit from an interruption of blood flow in a blood vessel in the brain This causes brain cells to die The outcome depends on the number of brain cells that die and where they are located Damage to the left side of the brain will cause deficits to the right side of the body May be fatal Damage to specific brain cells will cause specific physical and mental deficiencies The person may have paralysis or weakness in the arms and legs they may have difficulty being able to speak

Answer 34

Is an inflammation of the veins caused by infection or injury, and is the most common also increase the chances of clock formation and result in pulmonary embolism