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BIO 271 - personal cards > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • production, storage, excretion of urine
  • homeostasis regulation of blood
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2
Q

how does the urinary system regulate hemostasis of blood?

A
  • regulating blood volume & pressure
  • regulating plasma ion concentrations
  • stabilizing blood ph
  • conserving nutrients
  • regulating red blood cell production (erythropoiesis)
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3
Q

retroperitoneal means

A

behind the membrane (peritoneum) that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

what organ is retroperitoneal?

A

kidney

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5
Q

collecting system of kidney consists of?

A

minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

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6
Q

what is a renal calculi or calculus

A

kidney stone

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7
Q

renal calculi can get up to ____ mm

A

4

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8
Q

calcium oxalate stones are caused by?

A
  • dehydration
  • low urine output
  • high Na diet
  • high oxalate intake
  • high protein intake
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9
Q

Which type of renal calculi (kidney stone) is most preventable?

A

calcium oxalate stones

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10
Q

struvite (infection) stones caused by?

A
  • urinary tract infection
  • urease-producing bacteria
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11
Q

which type of stone is more likely in female? why>

A

struvite stones - come from UTIs which are more common in women

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12
Q

calcium oxalate stones make up what % of all stones?

A

60-80%

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13
Q

stuvite stones make up what % of all stones?

A

5-7%

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14
Q

what is the glomerulus?

A

ball-shaped capillary bed

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15
Q

the nephron (intact corpuscle) of the kidney consists of?

A
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • proximal convoluted tubules
  • renal corpuscle
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16
Q

the (transected corpuscle) Nephron consists of?

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • glomerulus
  • glomerular capsule
  • distal convoluted tubule
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17
Q

function unit of the kidney is?

A

nephron

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18
Q

the renal corpuscle consists of?

A
  • glomerular (“bowmans) capsul
  • glomerulus
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19
Q

podocytes

A

create filtration slits in renal corpuscle

20
Q

what are the key processes urine formation?

A
  • glomerular filtration
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
21
Q

what is glomerular filtration?

A

the movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space

22
Q

what is tubular reabsporption?

A

the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood

23
Q

what is tubular secretion?

A

the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid

24
Q

what path does urine leave the body

A

ureters -> bladder -> urethra -> gone

25
Q

urinary bladder function

A

urine storage & elimination

26
Q

the internal urethral sphincter is…

A

smooth muscle
involuntary

27
Q

external urethral sphincter is….

A

skeletal muscle
voluntary

28
Q

what is the exit tube

A

urethra

29
Q

what is the renal lobe?

A

one renal pyramid with surrounding cortical tissue

30
Q

numbers 1-4

A
  1. kidney
  2. ureter
  3. urinary bladder
  4. urethra
31
Q

numbers 1-4

A
  1. minor calyx
  2. major calyx
  3. renal pelvis
  4. ureter
32
Q

1-2

A
  1. renal calculi
  2. renal calculus
33
Q

1-5

A
  1. renal artery
  2. segmental artery
  3. interLOBAR artery
  4. arcuate artery
  5. interLOBULAR
34
Q

6-8

A
  1. afferent arteriole
  2. glomerulus
  3. efferent arteriole
35
Q

9-14 (Blue vessels)

A
  1. peritubular capillaries
  2. vasa recta
  3. interlobular vein
  4. arcuate vein
  5. interlobar vein
  6. renal vein
36
Q

1-2

A
  1. nephron (intact corpuscle)
  2. nephron (transected corpuscle)
37
Q

1-5

A
  1. distal convoluted tubule
  2. collecting duct
  3. renal corpuscle
  4. proximal convoluted tubule
  5. nephron loop (loop of Henle)
38
Q

1-3

A
  1. renal coruscle
  2. glomerular (bowmans) capsule
  3. glomerulus
39
Q

1-5

A
  1. efferent arteriole
  2. afferent arteriole
  3. bowmans capsule
  4. glomeerular capillary
  5. podocytes
40
Q
A

proximal convoluted tubule

41
Q

1-3

A
  1. nephron loop
  2. descending limb
  3. ascending limb
42
Q
A

distal convoluted tubule

43
Q
A

collecting duct

44
Q

1-6

A
  1. efferent arteriole
  2. peritubular capillaries
  3. interlobular vein
  4. interlobular artery
  5. afferent arteriole
  6. peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)
45
Q

1-4

A
  1. detrusor muscle
  2. internal urethral sphincter
  3. external urethral sphincter
  4. urethra
46
Q

5-6

A
  1. transitional epithelium
  2. detrusor muscle
47
Q

1-3

A
  1. prostatic urethra
  2. membranous urethra
  3. spongy urethra

BIO 271 - personal cards (8 decks)

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