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BIO 271 - personal cards > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

1-5

A
  1. hard palate
  2. palatoglossal arch
  3. palatopharyngeal arch
  4. soft palate
  5. uvula
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2
Q

6-10

A
  1. fauces
  2. tongue
  3. lingual frenulum
  4. gingivae
  5. vestibule
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3
Q

1-2

A
  1. palatopharyngeal arch
  2. palatoglossal arch
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4
Q

what is a bifurcated uvula?

A

looks like the uvula is split in two

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5
Q

1-5

A
  1. gingiva
  2. vestibule
  3. hard palate
  4. palatoglossal arch
  5. soft palate
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6
Q

6-8

A
  1. uvula
  2. fauces
  3. palatophtayngeal arch
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7
Q

what is the function of teeth

A

-mechanical processing of food

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8
Q

what is the hardest substance in the body? what is it made of?

A

enamel; calcium phosphate

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9
Q

what does the pulp in the pulp cavity(of the tooth) consist of?

A
  • nerves, blood vessels, and soft connective tissue
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10
Q

1-5

A
  1. enamel
  2. gingiva
  3. dentin
  4. pulp cavity
  5. root canal
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11
Q

6-10

A

6, cementum

  1. periodontal ligaments
  2. crown
  3. neck
  4. root
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12
Q

what are the 4 digestive processes

A
  1. propulsion/motility (peristalsis)
  2. digestion (chemical & mechanical)
  3. absorption
  4. elimination
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13
Q

how many teeth do kids have? what about adults?

A

kids - 20

adults - 32

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14
Q

what is the 3rd molar?

A

wisdom teeth

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15
Q

what are papillae? where are they located?

A

where taste buds are located; on tongue

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16
Q
A

deciduous teeth

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17
Q

1-3

A
  1. sublingual salivary gland
  2. submandibular salivary gland
  3. parotid salivary gland
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18
Q

saliva consists of?

A
  • mucins
  • electrolytes
  • antibodies
  • enzymes
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19
Q

what enzymes are in saliva? what is their function?

A
  • salivary amylase (begins chemical digestion of complex carbohydrates)
  • lingual lipase (produced by tongue; begins chemical digestion of triglycerides)
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20
Q

1-6

A
  1. mucosa
  2. epithelium
  3. laminal propria
  4. muscularis mucosae
  5. submucosa
  6. muscularis externa
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21
Q

7-12

A
  1. longitudinal muscle
  2. circular muscle
  3. serose
  4. epithelium
  5. connective tissue
  6. lumen
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22
Q

what is the esophagus?

A

muscular tubing leading from mouth to stomach

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23
Q

function of esophagus

A
  • propulsion/motility
  • NO DIGESTION
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24
Q

what are peristalsis?

A

waves of muscular contraction that moves food through esophagus

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25
Q

the movement of food mass in the esophagus is what type of process?

A

ACTIVE

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26
Q

what regulates entrance and exit of esophagus

A
  • upper esophageal sphincter
  • lower esophageal sphincter
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27
Q

1-3

A
  1. lower esophageal sphincter
  2. upper esophageal sphincter
  3. diaphragm
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28
Q

what are the 2 layers of digestive membrane?

A

parietal peritoneum

visceral peritoneum

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29
Q

what are mesenteries

A
  • folds of the peritoneum that support and stabilize the abdominal organs, hold fat, provide route for blood vessels
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30
Q

1-3

A
  1. longitudinal
  2. circular
  3. oblique
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31
Q

what are the other names for the lower esophageal sphincter?

A
  • gastroesophageal or cardiac sphincter
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32
Q

1-4

A
  1. mucusa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. serosa
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33
Q

what layer does the esophagus have instead of the serosa?

A

adventitia

34
Q

1-4

A
  1. gastric pit
  2. epithelium
  3. lamina propria
  4. gastric gland
35
Q

1-4

A
  1. surface mucus cells
  2. parietal cells
  3. cheif cells
  4. enteroendocrine cells
36
Q

what is chyme?

A

soupy mixture of food and secretion mix

37
Q

surface mucus cells secrete? function of secretion?

A
  • thick alkaline mucus that protects the mucosa from the acidic enviro inside stomach
38
Q

parietal cells secretion and its function

A
  • hydrochloric acid (kills microorganisms in swallowed food, denatures proteins)
  • intrinsic factor (absorption of vit. B12 in small intestine)
39
Q

cheif cells secretion and its function

A
  • pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin -> breaks proteins down into smaller peices)
40
Q

enteroendocrine cells secretes?

A
  • gastrin, somatostatin, histamine and several other paracrine and endocrine organs
41
Q

where does the chemical breakdown of proteins begin?

A

stomach

  • HCl acid dencatures long proteins
  • pepsin breaks them into smaller pieces
42
Q

what is absorbed in stomach?

A

aspirin & some alcohol

43
Q

what are peptic ulcers?

A

erosion of mucosal lining in esophagus, stomach or duodenum

  • most involve H. pylori bacteria
44
Q

what does H. pylori bacteria do?

A
  • causes chronic inflammation of mucosa
  • compromises integrity of natural defenses (esp. mucus production)
45
Q

1-3

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. Ileum
46
Q

duodenum length & function

A

L: 10’‘-1’

F: “mixing bowl” -> chyme is mixed w/ pancreatic secretions & bile (from liver)

47
Q

plicae is?

A

circular folds of intestinal wall submucosa layer

48
Q

1-2

A
  1. circular folds
  2. plicae
49
Q

jejunum length

A

7.5-8’

50
Q

where does the final chemical digestion and most absorption of organic nutrients (carbs, fat, protein) occur?

A

jejunum

51
Q

villi

A

finger-like folds in mucusa layer

  • jejunum
52
Q

tissue arrangement of jejunum

A
  • plicae -> submucosa
  • villi -> mucosa
53
Q

1-2

A
  1. plica
  2. villi
54
Q

goblet cells in jejunum function

A

secrete mucus

55
Q

epithelium function in jejunum

A
  • absorb nutrients
56
Q

epithelium of jejunum contain _____ which create “brush border”

A

microvilli

57
Q

1-6

A
  1. goblet cell
  2. epithelium
  3. lacteal
  4. capillary network
  5. brush border
  6. goblet cells
58
Q

Ileum length and function

A

L: 11’

F: continued absorption of stuff not absorbed in jejunum; it. B12 asborb.

59
Q

ileum tissue arrangement

A
  • mucosa still folded (villi)
  • plicae of submucosa less prominent
  • presence of preyer’s patches
60
Q
A
61
Q

length of large intestine

A

5 ft

62
Q

1-4

A
  1. transverse colon
  2. ascending colon
  3. descending colon
  4. sigmoid colon
63
Q

1-2

A
  1. Haustrum
  2. tenia coli
64
Q

tissue arrangement of large intestine

A
  • no villi
  • lots of goblet cells
65
Q

functions of large intestine

A

- reabsorb water. compact unusable material in fecal matter

  • absorb some vitamins made by bacteria living in large intestines (vit. K, bitotin, Vit B5)
  • conversion of organic wastes (bilirubin->stercobilins & urobilins; protein leftovers -> ammonia, indole/skatole, hydrogen sulfate)

- storage of fecal matter

66
Q

1-7

A

1 & 3. rectum

2 & 5. anal canal

  1. anus
  2. internal anal sphincter
  3. external anal spincter
67
Q

what creates secretions that are dumped into intestines?

A
  • accessory organs (pancreas, liver, gallbladder)
68
Q

pancreas is a _____ glandular organ

A

dual

69
Q

cells of pancreatic acini make…

A

digestive enzymes and buffers

  • dumps into duodenum via pancreatic duct)
70
Q

cells of pancreatic islets make…

A

hormones -> insulin & glucagon

71
Q

1-3

A
  1. right lobe
  2. falciform ligament
  3. left lobe
72
Q

1-5

A
  1. caudate lobe
  2. left lobe
  3. porta hepatis
  4. quadrate lobe
  5. right lobe
73
Q

1-2

A
  1. portal vein
  2. hepatic portal vein
74
Q

the functional units of the liver are called?

A

lobules

75
Q

1-5

A
  1. central vein
  2. bile duct
  3. portal venule
  4. portal arteriole
  5. portal triad
76
Q

functions of liver

A

1. metabolic regulation

  • determining nutrient content of circulating blood

2. hematological regulation

  • immunological & blood-related functions

3. bile production

  • fat digestion
77
Q

1-5

A
  1. R. hepatic duct
  2. gallbladder
  3. cystic duct
  4. sphincter of oddi
  5. L. hepatic duct
78
Q

6-10

A
  1. common hepatic duct
  2. common bile duct
  3. pancreas
  4. pancreatic duct
  5. duodenum
79
Q

cholelithiasis are? and are composed of?

A

gallstones; cholesterol

80
Q

1-4

A
  1. L. & R. hepatic duct
  2. cystic duct
  3. common hepatic duct
  4. common bile duct

BIO 271 - personal cards (8 decks)

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