digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
1-5
A
- hard palate
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch
- soft palate
- uvula
2
Q
6-10
A
- fauces
- tongue
- lingual frenulum
- gingivae
- vestibule
3
Q
1-2
A
- palatopharyngeal arch
- palatoglossal arch
4
Q
what is a bifurcated uvula?
A
looks like the uvula is split in two
5
Q
1-5
A
- gingiva
- vestibule
- hard palate
- palatoglossal arch
- soft palate
6
Q
6-8
A
- uvula
- fauces
- palatophtayngeal arch
7
Q
what is the function of teeth
A
-mechanical processing of food
8
Q
what is the hardest substance in the body? what is it made of?
A
enamel; calcium phosphate
9
Q
what does the pulp in the pulp cavity(of the tooth) consist of?
A
- nerves, blood vessels, and soft connective tissue
10
Q
1-5
A
- enamel
- gingiva
- dentin
- pulp cavity
- root canal
11
Q
6-10
A
6, cementum
- periodontal ligaments
- crown
- neck
- root
12
Q
what are the 4 digestive processes
A
- propulsion/motility (peristalsis)
- digestion (chemical & mechanical)
- absorption
- elimination
13
Q
how many teeth do kids have? what about adults?
A
kids - 20
adults - 32
14
Q
what is the 3rd molar?
A
wisdom teeth
15
Q
what are papillae? where are they located?
A
where taste buds are located; on tongue
16
Q
A
deciduous teeth
17
Q
1-3
A
- sublingual salivary gland
- submandibular salivary gland
- parotid salivary gland
18
Q
saliva consists of?
A
- mucins
- electrolytes
- antibodies
- enzymes
19
Q
what enzymes are in saliva? what is their function?
A
- salivary amylase (begins chemical digestion of complex carbohydrates)
- lingual lipase (produced by tongue; begins chemical digestion of triglycerides)
20
Q
1-6
A
- mucosa
- epithelium
- laminal propria
- muscularis mucosae
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
21
Q
7-12
A
- longitudinal muscle
- circular muscle
- serose
- epithelium
- connective tissue
- lumen
22
Q
what is the esophagus?
A
muscular tubing leading from mouth to stomach
23
Q
function of esophagus
A
- propulsion/motility
- NO DIGESTION
24
Q
what are peristalsis?
A
waves of muscular contraction that moves food through esophagus
25
the movement of food mass in the esophagus is what type of process?
ACTIVE
26
what regulates entrance and exit of esophagus
- upper esophageal sphincter
- lower esophageal sphincter
27
1-3
1. lower esophageal sphincter
2. upper esophageal sphincter
3. diaphragm
28
what are the 2 layers of digestive membrane?
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
29
what are mesenteries
- folds of the peritoneum that support and stabilize the abdominal organs, hold fat, provide route for blood vessels
30
1-3
1. longitudinal
2. circular
3. oblique
31
what are the other names for the lower esophageal sphincter?
- gastroesophageal or cardiac sphincter
32
1-4
1. mucusa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa
33
what layer does the esophagus have instead of the serosa?
adventitia
34
1-4
1. gastric pit
2. epithelium
3. lamina propria
4. gastric gland
35
1-4
1. surface mucus cells
2. parietal cells
3. cheif cells
4. enteroendocrine cells
36
what is chyme?
soupy mixture of food and secretion mix
37
surface mucus cells secrete? function of secretion?
- thick alkaline mucus that protects the mucosa from the acidic enviro inside stomach
38
parietal cells secretion and its function
- hydrochloric acid (kills microorganisms in swallowed food, denatures proteins)
- intrinsic factor (absorption of vit. B12 in small intestine)
39
cheif cells secretion and its function
- pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin -\> breaks proteins down into smaller peices)
40
enteroendocrine cells secretes?
- gastrin, somatostatin, histamine and several other paracrine and endocrine organs
41
where does the chemical breakdown of proteins begin?
stomach
- HCl acid dencatures long proteins
- pepsin breaks them into smaller pieces
42
what is absorbed in stomach?
aspirin & some alcohol
43
what are peptic ulcers?
erosion of mucosal lining in esophagus, stomach or duodenum
- most involve H. pylori bacteria
44
what does H. pylori bacteria do?
- causes chronic inflammation of mucosa
- compromises integrity of natural defenses (esp. mucus production)
45
1-3
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. Ileum
46
duodenum length & function
L: 10''-1'
F: "mixing bowl" -\> chyme is mixed w/ pancreatic secretions & bile (from liver)
47
plicae is?
circular folds of intestinal wall submucosa layer
48
1-2
1. circular folds
2. plicae
49
jejunum length
7.5-8'
50
where does the final chemical digestion and most absorption of organic nutrients (carbs, fat, protein) occur?
jejunum
51
villi
finger-like folds in mucusa layer
- jejunum
52
tissue arrangement of jejunum
- plicae -\> submucosa
- villi -\> mucosa
53
1-2
1. plica
2. villi
54
goblet cells in jejunum function
secrete mucus
55
epithelium function in jejunum
- absorb nutrients
56
epithelium of jejunum contain _____ which create "brush border"
microvilli
57
1-6
1. goblet cell
2. epithelium
3. lacteal
4. capillary network
5. brush border
6. goblet cells
58
Ileum length and function
L: 11'
F: continued absorption of stuff not absorbed in jejunum; it. B12 asborb.
59
ileum tissue arrangement
- mucosa still folded (villi)
- plicae of submucosa less prominent
- presence of preyer's patches
60
61
length of large intestine
5 ft
62
1-4
1. transverse colon
2. ascending colon
3. descending colon
4. sigmoid colon
63
1-2
1. Haustrum
2. tenia coli
64
tissue arrangement of large intestine
- no villi
- lots of goblet cells
65
functions of large intestine
**- reabsorb water. compact unusable material in fecal matter**
- **absorb some vitamins made by bacteria living in large intestines** (vit. K, bitotin, Vit B5)
- **conversion of organic wastes** (bilirubin-\>stercobilins & urobilins; protein leftovers -\> ammonia, indole/skatole, hydrogen sulfate)
**- storage of fecal matter**
66
1-7
1 & 3. rectum
2 & 5. anal canal
4. anus
6. internal anal sphincter
7. external anal spincter
67
what creates secretions that are dumped into intestines?
- accessory organs (pancreas, liver, gallbladder)
68
pancreas is a _____ glandular organ
dual
69
cells of pancreatic acini make...
digestive enzymes and buffers
- dumps into duodenum via pancreatic duct)
70
cells of pancreatic islets make...
hormones -\> insulin & glucagon
71
1-3
1. right lobe
2. falciform ligament
3. left lobe
72
1-5
1. caudate lobe
2. left lobe
3. porta hepatis
4. quadrate lobe
5. right lobe
73
1-2
1. portal vein
2. hepatic portal vein
74
the functional units of the liver are called?
lobules
75
1-5
1. central vein
2. bile duct
3. portal venule
4. portal arteriole
5. portal triad
76
functions of liver
**1. metabolic regulation**
- determining nutrient content of circulating blood
**2. hematological regulation**
- immunological & blood-related functions
**3. bile production**
- fat digestion
77
1-5
1. R. hepatic duct
2. gallbladder
3. cystic duct
4. sphincter of oddi
5. L. hepatic duct
78
6-10
6. common hepatic duct
7. common bile duct
8. pancreas
9. pancreatic duct
10. duodenum
79
cholelithiasis are? and are composed of?
gallstones; cholesterol
80
1-4
1. L. & R. hepatic duct
2. cystic duct
3. common hepatic duct
4. common bile duct
