reproductive system Flashcards
1-5
- ovary
- uterine tube
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- clitoris
6-12
- labium minus
- labium majus
- greater vestibular gland
- vagina
- rectum
- cervix
- uterus
1-2
- uterus
- vagina
1-5
- uterine tube
- ovary
- uterus
- endometrium
- myometrium
6-10
- perimetrium
- cervix
- vagina
- infundibulum
- fimbriae
1-2
- cortex
- medulla
1-4
- primordial follicle
- primary follicle
- follicular cells
- primary oocyte
1-5
- ampulla
- isthmus
- infundibulim
- fimbriae
- uterine tube
1-5
- body of uterus
- isthmus
- vagina
- fundus of uterus
- wall of uterus
6-10
- cervix
- uterine part
- isthmus
- ampulla
- infundibulim
1-3
- endometrium
- myometrium
- perimetrium
1-3
- estrogen
- inhibin
- progesterone
1-5
- ischial tuberosity
- pubic symphysis
- urogenital triangle
- ischial tuberosity
- anal triangle
1-5
- glans of clitoris
- labia minora
- vaginal entrance
- labia majora
- vestibule
1-5
- spongy urethra
- penis
- scrotum
- testis
- ductus deferens
6-10
- epididymis
- bulbourethral gland
- ejaculatory duct
- prostate gland
- seminal vesicle
1-5
- spermatic cord
- epididymis
- testis
- scrotal septum
- spermatic cord
6-9
- cremaster muscle w/ cremasteric fascia
- superficial scrotal fascia
- dartos muscle
- scrotal skin (cut)
1-5
- ampulla
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
- ductus deferens
- membranous urethra
1-7
1 & 3. spermatic cord
2 & 4. cremaster muscle w/ cremaster fascia
- superficial scrotal fascia
- dartos muscle
- scrotal skin (cut)
inguinal canal
1-6
- genitofemoral nerve
- deferential artery
- ductus deferens
- pampiniform plexus
- testicular artery
- spermatic cord
1-8
- scrotum
- skin
- dartos muscle
- superficial scrotal fascia
- cremaster muscle
- lobule
7 & 8. seminiferous tubules
interstitial cells
1-3
- head of epididymis
- body of epididymis
- tail of epididymis
1-2
- spermatogonium
- spermatid
ductus deferens
1-5
- ampulla
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
1-4
- spongy urethra
- membranous urethra
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
seminal vesicle
1-2
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral gland
1-5
- urogenital triangle
2 & 5. ischial tuberosity
- anal triangle
- pubic symphysis
1-3
- corpora cavernosa
- central artery
- corpus spongiosum
4-8
- root of penis
- corpus spongiosum
- corpora cavernosa
- body (shaft) of penis
- glans
the ovaries produce what cells?
oocytes (“egg” cells)
the ovaries make what hormones?
estrogen & progesterone
what is oogenesis?
ovum production
oogenesis occurs in a ______ manner -> ______
cyclical; ovarian cycle
how many phases are in the ovarian cycle?
2 w/ ovulation between
what is the first phase of the ovarian cycle
follicular phase
what occurs during the follicular phase?
growth of egg cell and surrounding follicular cells
how long is the follicular phase?
about 14 days
what occurs from day 7-10 of the follicular phase
high estrogen output
what happens during ovulation?
oocyte leaves follicle and enters fallopian tube
ovulation is caused by?
a spike in pituitary hormone called Luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovulation occurs at what day?
14
what is the second phase of the ovarian cycle?
luteal phase
what is the luteal phase?
post-ovulation period when corpus luteum active
how long is the luteal phase?
about 14 days
what occurs from day 15-24 of the ovarian cycle? (during luteal phase)
high progesterone output
what happens during the uterine cycle?
endometrium undergoes changes in response to changing levels of hormones
the uterine cycle occurs in a _____ pattern and has _____ phases
cyclical; 3
the uterine cycle is regulated by?
ovarian hormones (estrogen & progesterone)
what are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
menses
proliferative phase
secretory phase
estrogen peaks in what uterine cycle phase
proliferative phase
what are the endometrial changes that occur during the uterine cycle?
menses -> destruction of functional zone
proliferative phase -> repair and regeneration of functional zone
secretory phase -> secretion of endometrial glands
when does progesterone peak in the uterine cycle?
secretory phase
when does inhibin peak in the uterine cycle?
proliferative phase
functions of vagina
- passageway for elimination of menstrual fluid
- passageway for penis to enter during intercourse
- part of “birth canal” where fetus passes during delivery
the external genitalia is framed by ______ bones within ________
pelvic; urogenital triangle
the space between the labia minora
vestibule
the vestibule (female) contains….
- greater vestibular (Bartholin’s glands)
- similiar to cowper’s gland
how many lobule are their per testis?
approx. 250
seminiferous tubules are______ meters uncoiled
1000
what are spermatogonia (spermatogonium)?
undifferentiated male germ cell
- diploid cell
spermatid is produced by?
second miotic division originating with the secondary spermatocytes
location and function of interstitial (Leydig) cells
- L: in the tissue space between seminiferous tubules
- F: make testosterone
functions/job of epidiymis
-storage/protection as spermatozoa mature and aquire ability to move/swim
Ductus (Vas) Deferens function
- transport spermatozoa from epididymis to urethra during ejaculation
seminal vesicles generate?
60% volume of semen
-seminal fluid
seminal fluid contains… (& their function)
- fructose (energy source for sperm cells)
- prostaglandins (suppress immune response by female, stimulates smooth muscle contractions in male & female reproductive tracts, promotes widening of cervical os)
what is the pH of seminal fluid
slighly alkaline
prostate gland
- surrounds proximal urethra
- generates 20-30% of the volume of semen
- prostatic fluid
prostatic fluid
- milk appearance
- contains:
citrate (nutrient source for sperm cell)
seminalplasmin (antibiotic)
prostate-specific antigen (PSA, enzyme that helps liquefy semen)
bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland
-makes think alkaline mucus that protects urethral lining, lubricates glans, neutralizes vaginal environment
typical volume of semen produced during ejaculation
2-5 ml (about a tsp)
semen contains
- sperm from seminiferous tubules in testes (200-500 mil. sperm cells)
- various fluids (from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & cowpers glands)
the penis is what type of tissue mainly
-erectile tissue
~corpora cavernosa
~corpus spongiosum
how long is the menses stage of the uterine cycle?
7days
how long is the proliferative phase?
7-8 days
how long is the secretory phase?
14days
progesterone is highest on what day?
22
estrogen is highest on what day?
12
