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BIO 271 - personal cards > reproductive system > Flashcards

reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1-5

A
  1. ovary
  2. uterine tube
  3. urinary bladder
  4. urethra
  5. clitoris
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2
Q

6-12

A
  1. labium minus
  2. labium majus
  3. greater vestibular gland
  4. vagina
  5. rectum
  6. cervix
  7. uterus
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3
Q

1-2

A
  1. uterus
  2. vagina
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4
Q

1-5

A
  1. uterine tube
  2. ovary
  3. uterus
  4. endometrium
  5. myometrium
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5
Q

6-10

A
  1. perimetrium
  2. cervix
  3. vagina
  4. infundibulum
  5. fimbriae
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6
Q

1-2

A
  1. cortex
  2. medulla
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7
Q

1-4

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. follicular cells
  4. primary oocyte
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8
Q

1-5

A
  1. ampulla
  2. isthmus
  3. infundibulim
  4. fimbriae
  5. uterine tube
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9
Q

1-5

A
  1. body of uterus
  2. isthmus
  3. vagina
  4. fundus of uterus
  5. wall of uterus
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10
Q

6-10

A
  1. cervix
  2. uterine part
  3. isthmus
  4. ampulla
  5. infundibulim
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11
Q

1-3

A
  1. endometrium
  2. myometrium
  3. perimetrium
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12
Q

1-3

A
  1. estrogen
  2. inhibin
  3. progesterone
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13
Q

1-5

A
  1. ischial tuberosity
  2. pubic symphysis
  3. urogenital triangle
  4. ischial tuberosity
  5. anal triangle
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14
Q

1-5

A
  1. glans of clitoris
  2. labia minora
  3. vaginal entrance
  4. labia majora
  5. vestibule
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15
Q

1-5

A
  1. spongy urethra
  2. penis
  3. scrotum
  4. testis
  5. ductus deferens
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16
Q

6-10

A
  1. epididymis
  2. bulbourethral gland
  3. ejaculatory duct
  4. prostate gland
  5. seminal vesicle
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17
Q

1-5

A
  1. spermatic cord
  2. epididymis
  3. testis
  4. scrotal septum
  5. spermatic cord
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18
Q

6-9

A
  1. cremaster muscle w/ cremasteric fascia
  2. superficial scrotal fascia
  3. dartos muscle
  4. scrotal skin (cut)
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19
Q

1-5

A
  1. ampulla
  2. ejaculatory duct
  3. prostatic urethra
  4. ductus deferens
  5. membranous urethra
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20
Q

1-7

A

1 & 3. spermatic cord

2 & 4. cremaster muscle w/ cremaster fascia

  1. superficial scrotal fascia
  2. dartos muscle
  3. scrotal skin (cut)
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21
Q
A

inguinal canal

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22
Q

1-6

A
  1. genitofemoral nerve
  2. deferential artery
  3. ductus deferens
  4. pampiniform plexus
  5. testicular artery
  6. spermatic cord
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23
Q

1-8

A
  1. scrotum
  2. skin
  3. dartos muscle
  4. superficial scrotal fascia
  5. cremaster muscle
  6. lobule

7 & 8. seminiferous tubules

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24
Q
A

interstitial cells

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25
Q

1-3

A
  1. head of epididymis
  2. body of epididymis
  3. tail of epididymis
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26
Q

1-2

A
  1. spermatogonium
  2. spermatid
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27
Q
A

ductus deferens

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28
Q

1-5

A
  1. ampulla
  2. ejaculatory duct
  3. prostatic urethra
  4. membranous urethra
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29
Q

1-4

A
  1. spongy urethra
  2. membranous urethra
  3. ejaculatory duct
  4. prostatic urethra
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30
Q
A

seminal vesicle

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31
Q

1-2

A
  1. prostate gland
  2. bulbourethral gland
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32
Q

1-5

A
  1. urogenital triangle

2 & 5. ischial tuberosity

  1. anal triangle
  2. pubic symphysis
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33
Q

1-3

A
  1. corpora cavernosa
  2. central artery
  3. corpus spongiosum
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34
Q

4-8

A
  1. root of penis
  2. corpus spongiosum
  3. corpora cavernosa
  4. body (shaft) of penis
  5. glans
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35
Q
A
36
Q

the ovaries produce what cells?

A

oocytes (“egg” cells)

37
Q

the ovaries make what hormones?

A

estrogen & progesterone

38
Q

what is oogenesis?

A

ovum production

39
Q

oogenesis occurs in a ______ manner -> ______

A

cyclical; ovarian cycle

40
Q

how many phases are in the ovarian cycle?

A

2 w/ ovulation between

41
Q

what is the first phase of the ovarian cycle

A

follicular phase

42
Q

what occurs during the follicular phase?

A

growth of egg cell and surrounding follicular cells

43
Q

how long is the follicular phase?

A

about 14 days

44
Q

what occurs from day 7-10 of the follicular phase

A

high estrogen output

45
Q

what happens during ovulation?

A

oocyte leaves follicle and enters fallopian tube

46
Q

ovulation is caused by?

A

a spike in pituitary hormone called Luteinizing hormone (LH)

47
Q

ovulation occurs at what day?

A

14

48
Q

what is the second phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

luteal phase

49
Q

what is the luteal phase?

A

post-ovulation period when corpus luteum active

50
Q

how long is the luteal phase?

A

about 14 days

51
Q

what occurs from day 15-24 of the ovarian cycle? (during luteal phase)

A

high progesterone output

52
Q

what happens during the uterine cycle?

A

endometrium undergoes changes in response to changing levels of hormones

53
Q

the uterine cycle occurs in a _____ pattern and has _____ phases

A

cyclical; 3

54
Q

the uterine cycle is regulated by?

A

ovarian hormones (estrogen & progesterone)

55
Q

what are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

A

menses

proliferative phase

secretory phase

56
Q

estrogen peaks in what uterine cycle phase

A

proliferative phase

57
Q

what are the endometrial changes that occur during the uterine cycle?

A

menses -> destruction of functional zone

proliferative phase -> repair and regeneration of functional zone

secretory phase -> secretion of endometrial glands

58
Q

when does progesterone peak in the uterine cycle?

A

secretory phase

59
Q

when does inhibin peak in the uterine cycle?

A

proliferative phase

60
Q

functions of vagina

A
  • passageway for elimination of menstrual fluid
  • passageway for penis to enter during intercourse
  • part of “birth canal” where fetus passes during delivery
61
Q

the external genitalia is framed by ______ bones within ________

A

pelvic; urogenital triangle

62
Q

the space between the labia minora

A

vestibule

63
Q

the vestibule (female) contains….

A
  • greater vestibular (Bartholin’s glands)
  • similiar to cowper’s gland
64
Q

how many lobule are their per testis?

A

approx. 250

65
Q

seminiferous tubules are______ meters uncoiled

A

1000

66
Q

what are spermatogonia (spermatogonium)?

A

undifferentiated male germ cell

  • diploid cell
67
Q

spermatid is produced by?

A

second miotic division originating with the secondary spermatocytes

68
Q

location and function of interstitial (Leydig) cells

A
  • L: in the tissue space between seminiferous tubules
  • F: make testosterone
69
Q

functions/job of epidiymis

A

-storage/protection as spermatozoa mature and aquire ability to move/swim

70
Q

Ductus (Vas) Deferens function

A
  • transport spermatozoa from epididymis to urethra during ejaculation
71
Q

seminal vesicles generate?

A

60% volume of semen

-seminal fluid

72
Q

seminal fluid contains… (& their function)

A
  • fructose (energy source for sperm cells)
  • prostaglandins (suppress immune response by female, stimulates smooth muscle contractions in male & female reproductive tracts, promotes widening of cervical os)
73
Q

what is the pH of seminal fluid

A

slighly alkaline

74
Q

prostate gland

A
  • surrounds proximal urethra
  • generates 20-30% of the volume of semen
  • prostatic fluid
75
Q

prostatic fluid

A
  • milk appearance
  • contains:

citrate (nutrient source for sperm cell)

seminalplasmin (antibiotic)

prostate-specific antigen (PSA, enzyme that helps liquefy semen)

76
Q

bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

A

-makes think alkaline mucus that protects urethral lining, lubricates glans, neutralizes vaginal environment

77
Q

typical volume of semen produced during ejaculation

A

2-5 ml (about a tsp)

78
Q

semen contains

A
  • sperm from seminiferous tubules in testes (200-500 mil. sperm cells)
  • various fluids (from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & cowpers glands)
79
Q

the penis is what type of tissue mainly

A

-erectile tissue

~corpora cavernosa

~corpus spongiosum

80
Q
A
81
Q

how long is the menses stage of the uterine cycle?

A

7days

82
Q

how long is the proliferative phase?

A

7-8 days

83
Q

how long is the secretory phase?

A

14days

84
Q

progesterone is highest on what day?

A

22

85
Q

estrogen is highest on what day?

A

12

BIO 271 - personal cards (8 decks)

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