Urinary system

Question 1

Ureter arterial supply

Answer 1

1) Gonadal arteries
2) Renal arteries
3) Ureteral branches directly from Abdominal aorta
4) Superior vesical artery
5) Inferior vesical artery

Question 2

Ureter constrictions

Answer 2

1) Ureteropelvic junction
2) Pelvic brim (bifurcation of common iliac artery into external and internal iliac arteries)
3) Ureterovesical junction

Question 3

Ureter course

Answer 3

1) Descends from kidney on anterior surface of psoas major muscle
2) Enters pelvis by passing anteriorly to bifurcation of common iliac artery into external and internal iliac arteries
3) Passes medially at level of ischial spine to enter base of bladder

Question 4

Bladder structure

Answer 4

1) Apex (posterior to pubic symphysis)
2) Superior surface (covered by peritoneum)
3) Inferolateral surface (x2) (cradled by levator ani and obturator muscles)
4) Base

Internal surface:

1) Rugae (folds of mucosa – lined by transitional epithelium)
2) Detrusor muscle (involuntary smooth muscle – receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic input)
3) Trigone (smooth wall at base of bladder) – contains 2 ureter orifices (superiorly) and 1 urethral orifice (inferiorly)

Question 5

Female urethra

Answer 5

• 4cm long (susceptible to urinary tract infections)
• Pubovesical ligament supports it

Course:

1) passes inferiorly through urogenital diaphragm
2) passes through perineal membrane
3) opens into vestibule between labia minora

Question 6

Male urethra

Answer 6

-20 cm long

Divided into:

1) Pre-prostatic
2) Prostatic
3) Membranous (least dilatable portion)
4) Spongy/penile (longest portion)