Stomach

Question 1

Stomach parts

Answer 1

1) Cardia
2) Fundus
3) Corpus/Body
4) Pyloric antrum
5) Pylorus

Question 2

Stomach features

Answer 2

1) Cardiac notch
2) Lesser curvature
3) Greater curvature
4) Angular incisure

Question 3

Stomach layers

Answer 3

1) Mucosa
-Columnar epithelial lining (innermost)
-Lamina propria
-Muscularis mucosae (outermost)
-Consists of 3 glands:
Cardiac glands – secrete mucous
Fundic glands – secrete HCl
Pyloric gland – secrete gastrin
2) Submucosa
- Meissner’s plexus (submucosal)
3) Muscularis externa
-Inner oblique
-Middle circular
-Outer longitudinal
-Contains Auerbach’s plexus (Myenteric)
4) Serosa

Question 4

Peptic ulcers

Answer 4

• Open lesions in mucosa lining
• Tends to occur in:
  1) Oesophagus
  2) Gastric
  3) Duodenal
• Causes include:
  1) NSAIDs
  2) Stress
  3) Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 5

Arterial supply

Answer 5

1) Left gastric artery
- Branch of coeliac trunk
- Runs in lesser omentum along lesser curvature of stomach
2) Right gastric artery
- Branch of common hepatic artery
- Runs in lesser omentum along lesser curvature of stomach
3) Right gastroepiploic/gastro-omental
- Branch of gastroduodenal artery
- Runs in greater omentum along greater curvature of stomach
4) Left gastroepiploic/gastro-omental
- Branch of splenic artery
- Runs in greater omentum along greater curvature of stomach
5) Short gastric artery
- Branch of splenic artery
- Runs in gastrosplenic ligament

Question 6

Venous supply

Answer 6

1) Left and Right gastric veins drain into hepatic portal vein
2) Short gastric, right and left gastroepiploic veins drain into superior mesenteric vein (which eventually drain into hepatic portal vein)

Question 7

Innervation

Answer 7

Parasympathetic – Vagus nerve

• Increase secretions from gastric glands
• Increase peristalsis

Sympathetic – Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

• Motor to pyloric sphincter – contraction of pyloric sphincter to decrease rate of emptying into duodenum
• Referred pain (afferent fibres ‘hitchhike’ onto splanchnic nerves)

Question 8

Lymphatics

Answer 8

1) Left and right gastric nodes empty into coeliac node
2) Right gastroepiploic node emptys into right gastric node (which empties into coeliac node)
3) Short gastric and left gastroepiploic nodes empty into splenic node (which empty into coeliac node)