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Own Anatomy Notes > Peritoneum + Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Peritoneum + Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneal Fluid

A

Functions:

1) Contains water, electrolytes, interstitial fluid, leukocytes and antibodies (important for IMMUNITY)
2) Prevents friction between abdominal viscera

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2
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • Adheres to abdominal and pelvic wall
  • Senses:
    1) Pain
    2) Temperature
    3) Pressure
    4) Touch
  • Innervated by somatic nerves T7-T11
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3
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A
  • Adheres to abdominal and pelvic viscera
  • Senses:
    1) Stretch
    2) Tear
  • Innervated by afferent nerves (referred pain)
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4
Q

Intraperitoneal

A
  • Viscera are completely covered by visceral peritoneum
  • Attached to other viscera or abdominal wall by a double fold of peritoneum (aka mesentery/ligament/omentum)
  • Great mobility
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5
Q

Extraperitoneal

A
  • Viscera are partially/devoid of peritoneum
  • Viscera lie outside of peritoneal cavity
  • Can be:
    1) Retroperitoneal – lies behind peritoneum cavity (e.g. kidneys)
    2) Secondary retroperitoneal – initially intraperitoneal organs but migrated to posterior to peritoneum during embryogenesis to become retroperitoneal (e.g. duodenum)
    3) Subperitoneal – lies below peritoneal cavity (e.g. bladder)
  • Immovable
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6
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs

A
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Tail of pancreas (lies in lienorenal ligament)
  • Proximal 2cm of duodenum (1st part)
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Caecum
  • Appendix
  • Ovaries
  • Transverse colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Upper 1/3 of rectum
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7
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Aorta and IVC
  • Distal duodenum*
  • Pancreas (except tail)*
  • Ureters (proximal)
  • Colon (ascending and descending)*
  • Kidneys
  • oEosphagus
  • Rectum (middle 1/3)

*means secondary retroperitoneal

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8
Q

Subperitoneal organs

A
  • Bladder
  • Ureters (distal)
  • Uterus
  • Distal 1/3 of rectum
  • Uterine tubes
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9
Q

Peritoneal folds

A

Can be either:

1) Reflection of peritoneum that connects organs to another organ/to abdominal wall (mesentery/ligaments/omentum)
2) Reflection of peritoneum that overlies blood vessels, ducts or ligaments of obliterated foetal vessels (e.g. medial umbilical ligament)

Functions:

1) Prevents effects of gravity
2) Route for blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
3) Contain varying degrees of fats (greater omentum contains lots of fat while lesser omentum do not contain any fat)
4) Immunity (greater omentum –> policeman of abdomen)
5) Contain embryological remnants (e.g. falciform ligament free border is the ligamentum teres – remnanr of umbilical vein)
6) Contain parts of intraperitoneal organs (e.g. tail of pancreas lies in lienorenal ligament)

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10
Q

Lesser omentum

A
  • Double fold of peritoneum that is derived from the ventral mesogastrium
  • Connects inferior surface of liver to lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum
  • Divided into:
    1) Hepatogastric ligament
    2) Hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad present here)
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11
Q

Contents of portal triad

A

1) Common bile duct
2) Hepatic proper artery
3) Hepatic portal vein
4) Lymphatics
5) Vagus nerve

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12
Q

Falciform ligament

A
  • Double fold of peritoneum derived from ventral mesogastrium
  • Connects anterior surface of liver to anterior abdominal wall
  • Free edge of falciform ligament is the ligamentum teres/round ligament of liver (remnant of umbilical vein)
  • Divides liver into right and left lobes
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13
Q

Greater sac

A
  • Space of peritoneal cavity just posterior to anterior abdominal wall
  • Divided into by transverse colon:
    1) Supracolic compartment
    2) Infracolic compartment
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14
Q

Lesser sac/Omental Bursa

A
  • Space of peritoneal cavity posterior to stomach
  • Communicates with the greater sac via the Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
  • Used to reach retroperitoneal organs
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15
Q

Epiploic Foramen (of Winslow)

A

Borders:
Superior – Caudate process of liver
Inferior – 1st part of duodenum
Anterior – Portal triad in hepatoduodenal ligament
Posterior – IVC + right crus of diaphragm

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16
Q

Spleen

A
  • Develops in the dorsal mesogastrium
  • Splits the dorsal mesogastrium into:
    1) Gastrosplenic ligament
    2) Lienorenal ligament (aka hepatosplenic ligament) – contains the tail of pancreas
17
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • Double fold of peritoneum folds back onto itself (4 layers)
  • Hangs from the greater curvature of stomach
  • Formed from downwards extension of DORSAL MESOGASTRIUM
  • Layers can be separated to reach the inferior recess to allow passage into the lesser sac
  • Functions:
    1) Policeman of abdomen (surround and isolate infected organs)
    2) Contains varying degrees of fat
18
Q

Transverse mesocolon

A
  • Double fold of peritoneum that suspends the transverse colon from posterior abdominal wall
  • Anterior layer of transverse mesocolon fuses with posterior layer of greater omentum
19
Q

Mesentery of small intestine

A
  • Double fold of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall
  • Contains:
    1) Superior mesenteric artery
    2) Superior mesenteric vein
  • 15cm long, runs an oblique course from the duodenojejunal flexure (left, L2) to ileocecal junction
  • Contains arterial arcades and vasa recta
  • Lymphatics drains into superior mesenteric lymph nodes (receive tributaries from inferior mesenteric lymph nodes and midgut organs), which then empty into pre-aortic lymph nodes
  • Superior mesenteric plexus follows superior mesenteric artery into mesentery, dividing into many secondary plexus providing parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation
20
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon

A
  • V-shaped

- Lymph drains into the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes

21
Q

Peritoneal Recesses

A
  • Region of peritoneum reflected away from posterior abdominal wall to form a recess or pouch
  • Site for accumulation of fluid (pus/blood, etc.), spread of intraperitoneal infection, passageway for spread of tumour cells

Includes:

1) Paracolic gutters (lateral to ascending/descending colons)
2) Subphrenic space (between diaphragm and right lobe of liver)
3) Hepatorenal pouch (of Morison) (between liver and right kidney)
4) Rectovesical pouch (MALES ONLY)
5) Uterovesical pouch (FEMALES ONLY)
6) Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) (FEMALES ONLY)
7) Subhepatic space

*Subhepatic space, Hepatorenal pouch and subphrenic space are continuous with each other

Own Anatomy Notes (29 decks)

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