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Urology > Urinary retention and voiding LUTS > Flashcards

Urinary retention and voiding LUTS Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 red flag symptoms in a patient with LUTS?

A

Haematuria
Pelvic pain
Pelvic mass
Recurrent UTIs

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of voiding LUTS in men?

A

Benign prostatic enlargement/hyperplasia

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3
Q

Give 4 classes of drugs which can cause voiding LUTS

A

Tricyclic antidepressants
Antihistamines
Anticholinergics
Sympathomimetics

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4
Q

Give 3 neurological conditions which can cause voiding LUTS

A

Diabetic neuropathy
Spinal cord injury
Multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

What is the normal residual bladder volume?

A

50ml

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6
Q

Give 3 uses of urological ultrasounds

A

Check for bladder stones
Estimate size of prostate
Can pick up bladder tumours (but does not rule them out)

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7
Q

Which layers of the prostate are involved in BPH?

A

Musculofibrous and glandular layers in the transitional zone

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8
Q

What is the first line management of BPH?

A

Alpha blocker e.g. tamsulosin or doxazosin

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9
Q

What is the second line medical management of BPH?

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor e.g. finasteride

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10
Q

Give 3 surgical options for management of BPH

A

TURP
HoLEP
Urolift

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11
Q

What is the least invasive surgical management for BPH?

A

Urolift

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12
Q

Which bedside test can be used to rule out hydronephrosis?

A

Ultrasound

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13
Q

What is the next step if a patient presents with acute urinary retention and hydronephrosis?

A

CT scan

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14
Q

What is the management of low pressure chronic retention?

A

Self-catheterisation and tamsulosin

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15
Q

What is the management of acute urinary retention (no hydronephrosis or reduced kidney function)?

A

Self-catheterisation and tamsulosin; follow-up in 2-4 weeks

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16
Q

What is the management of acute urinary retention (hydronephrosis or reduced kidney function)?

A

Catheterise until definitive surgical management e.g. ureteric stent or nephrostomy

17
Q

Give 2 indications for a suprapubic catheter?

A

Emergency where there is failure to insert a urethral catheter
Chronic retention where it is difficult to self-catheterise e.g. multiple sclerosis

18
Q

Give 4 contraindications to suprapubic catheters

A

Clotting abnormalities
Use of anticoagulants
Bladder cancer
Undiagnosed visible haematuria

19
Q

Give 4 causes of urethral/bladder neck strictures

A

Iatrogenic
BXO
STIs
Trauma

20
Q

What are 2 gold standard investigations for urethral strictures?

A

Cystoscopy

Urethrogram

21
Q

What is the first line management for urethral strictures?

A

Urethral dilatation

22
Q

What is the management of recurrent urethral strictures?

A

Urethroplasty

Urology (6 decks)

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