Miscellaneous Flashcards
Give 4 causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis
Idiopathic
Inflammatory AAA
Perianeurysmal
Malignancy e.g. lymphoma
Give 2 complications of retroperitoneal fibrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis
Bilateral ureteric obstruction
Give 4 drugs associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis
Beta-blockers
Bromocriptine
Methylsergide
Methyldopa
Give 3 non-drug associations with retroperitoneal fibrosis
Autoimmune disease
Smoking
Asbestos
How does retroperitoneal fibrosis present?
Vague loin/back/abdomen pain
Hypertension
Give 3 investigations done in suspected retroperitoneal fibrosis
Ultrasound to rule out hydronephrosis
CT/MRI shows fibrosis
Biopsy to rule out malignancy
What is the management of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Retrograde stent to relieve obstructions
Immunosuppression with low dose steroids
Give 4 types of undescended testes
Cryptorchidism – complete absence from scrotum
Retractile testis – excessive cremasteric reflex
Maldescended testis – along normal path
Ectopic – e.g. in superior inguinal pouch
What is the main risk of an undescended testicle?
Increased risk of testicular cancer
What is the management of ectopic testes in the inguinal canal?
Hormonal therapy
What is the management of undescended testes?
Dartos pouch procedure
What is the main risk factor for a testicular hydrocele?
Patent processus vaginalis
Give 3 management options for testicular hydroceles
Aspiration
Plication of the tunica vaginalis (Lord’s repair)
Inverting sac (Jaboulay’s repair)
What is the most common cause of epididymo-orchitis in children and over 35s?
E. coli
What is the most common cause of epididymo-orchitis in young adults?
STIs
