Urinary/Renal/Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

What are important things to note as a nurse during hyponatremia

Answer 1

• assess patient’s neuro status.
• specifically be on the lookout for “seizures” (water moves extracellularly to intracellularly. This might get into the brain cells. Excessive water in the brain cell increases pressure in the skull which can lead to seizures and other symptoms like headaches, vomiting, confusion, nausea)

Question 2

what is euvolemic hyponatremia

Question 3

what is hypovolemic hyponatremia

Question 4

what is hypervolemic hyponatremia

Question 5

Manifestations that occur with hyponatremia includes:

Answer 5

• seizures
• low level of consciousness
• Increased ICP
• shallow breathing
• weak pulses, bounding pulses, - - HTN
• hyperactive bowel
• muscle cramps
• muscle spasms

Question 6

When are isotonic fluids used

Question 7

When are hypotonic fluids used

Answer 7

this contains less particles and it is used to restore fluids outside the cell to the cell. Note: Water always goes where solutes are more concentrated.

Question 8

When are hypertonic fluids used

Answer 8

these are used when the cells are filled with excess water leaving the extracellular area dry. Hence, this fluid contains more particles than hypotonic. As water goes where there is more solutes. So, having this fluid puts more solutes in the extracellular area causing the fluids in the cells to migrate to where there are more solutes

Question 9

Why is rapid drainage of a full bladder unsafe

Answer 9

rapid drainage causes bladder wall to stretch. This can activate nerves in the bladder causing spasms as a response to the sudden change.

Question 10

What could potentially occur with prolonged immobility on a bathroom floor

Answer 10

• dehydration
• electrolyte imbalances

Question 11

What is one benefit of drinking cranberry

Answer 11

To make the urine more acidic. Acidifying urine creates an environment unfavorable to bacteria