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Phys Final > Urinary Phys Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary Phys Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

kidney endocrine function: conversion of dietary vitamin D3 to

A

calcitrol - promotes Ca2+ absorption in GI

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2
Q

T/F Kidney, lung, & liver modify the constituents of plasma.

A

true

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3
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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4
Q

T/F About 2 million nephrons/kidney that are structurally independent and function individually. Normal function can be maintained if some loose function.

A

true

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5
Q

movement from tubule to blood vessels

A

reabsorption

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6
Q

movement from blood vessels or tissues into tubule

A

secretion

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7
Q

moves out of the body. urine out

A

excretion

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8
Q

composed of a nephron and its collecting ducts

A

uriniferous tubules

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9
Q

What is the nephron made of?

A
  1. renal capsule
  2. proximal tubule
  3. loop of henle
  4. distal tubule
  5. collecting tubules
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10
Q

functional units about 35 mm long that process the plasma and form urine

A

nephrons

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11
Q

what are continuous with collecting ducts?

A

nephrons

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12
Q

what transports urine to the renal papillae and into minor calyces?

A

collecting ducts

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13
Q

what is the renal corpuscle composed of?

A

vascular tuft (glomerulus) & bowman capsule

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14
Q

what are the two parts of the proximal tubule?

A

convoluted tubule (early) & straight or descending thick limb of proximal tubule (late)

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15
Q

what are the two parts of the loop of henle?

A

descending thin segment, ascending thin segment, ascending thick limb

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16
Q

where does the distal tubule begin?

A

at the macula dense - its most convoluted

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17
Q

what is continuous with the distal tubule?

A

collecting tubule

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18
Q

what empties into the cortical collecting duct?

A

distal tubule

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19
Q

cortical collecting duct changes name to what?

A

medullary collecting duct then to inner medullary collecting duct

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20
Q

region where renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit the kidney?

A

hilus

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21
Q

parenchyma of the kidney is divided into what two parts?

A

cortex and medulla

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22
Q

Within the medulla, straight parts of the nephrons and the collecting ducts are arranged in the form of what? how many?

A

10-18 pyramids

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23
Q

located within the cortex, represent areas where straight parts of nephron and the collecting ducts are located

A

medullary rays

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24
Q

located within the cortex- contains corpuscles and the convoluted portions of the nephron.

A

pars convoluta

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25
Q

represent extensions of pars convolute tissue into the area of medulla and located between the pyramids

A

renal collumns

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26
Q

what is a lobe

A

kidneys are divided into those.consists of each medullary pyramid and the cortical substance that surrounds it like the cap of an acorn

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27
Q

subdivisions within the cortex- center is formed by a medullary ray? what are the outer limits marked by?

A

lobules ; outer limits marked by inter lobar arteries

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28
Q

the apical portion of a pyramid that protrudes into the minor calyx

A

papilla

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29
Q

surface of papilla is perforated by openings of large collecting ducts (papillary ducts) called

A

area cribrosa

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30
Q

surrounds the papilla

A

minor calyx

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31
Q

2-3 minor calyx unite to form a

A

major calyx 2-3/kidney

32
Q

formed by the union of major calyces - is the expanded form of the ureter

A

pelvis of the ureter

33
Q

contains all glomeruli and all convoluted portions of the nephron (proximal and distal convoluted tubules)

A

pars convoluta

34
Q

contain collecting ducts and loop of henle

A

medullary rays of the cortex

35
Q

contain collecting ducts and various segments of loops of henle

A

pyramids of the medulla

36
Q

what are the three types of nephrons

A

superifical; midcorticlal; juxtagmedullary nephron

37
Q

goes to papillae 20% of nephrons does not emphty into the collecting duct

A

longest thing segment

38
Q

what are the two zones of the medulla

A

inner and outer zone

39
Q

what are the two components of the outer zone of the medulla

A

outer stripe and inner stripe

40
Q

only contains thick portions of the loop of henle

A

outer stripe of outer zone of medulla

41
Q

has both thick and thin portions of loop of henle

A

inner stripe of outer zone of medulla

42
Q

what is always a cortical structure

A

bowmans capsule

43
Q

what is the total blood volume/mine of the kidney

A

1/5 total blood volume/min

44
Q

blood supply is abundant- large surface area of contact between what?

A

capillaries and parenchymal cells

45
Q

large caliber-short, larger branches- deliver blood at high pressure

A

renal artery

46
Q

renal artery -> ___ ->

A

renal artery; segmental arteries; interlobar arteries; arcuate arteries; interlobar arteries

47
Q

arteries that come off segmental renal arteries

A

interlobar arteries

48
Q

arteries between cortex and medulla

A

arcuate artereies

49
Q

what comes off the inter lobular artery

A

afferent arteriole; supplies vascular tuft-glomerulus

50
Q

where is blood delivered first at high pressure/

A

glomerulus

51
Q

what is another word for glomerulus

A

vascular tuft

52
Q

what come off the efferent arteries

A

peritubular capilaries

53
Q

what form peritubular capillary network around nephron of origin? where?

A

efferent arteriole in cortical region

54
Q

efferent arteriole supplying juxtamedullary nephrons form numerous what?

A

vasae rectae (straight vessels)

55
Q

drain capsule capillaries and peritubular capillaries near kidneys surface

A

stellate veins

56
Q

drain stellate veins and deep peritubular capillaries

A

interlobular veins

57
Q

receive blood from venulae rectae as well as inter lobar veins

A

arcuate veins

58
Q

what are the other three veins? other than stellate, interlular veins, and arcuate veins, and vasae rectae veins?

A
  1. interlobar veins
  2. segmental veins
  3. renal veins
59
Q

T/F some vasea rectae go from arcuate artery to arcuate vein

A

true

60
Q

where does afferent arteriole enter?

A

vascular pole at glomerular tuft

61
Q

where does efferent arteriole exit?

A

vascular pole

62
Q

how are vascular tone of afferent and efferent arterioles controlled?

A

blood flow and blood pressure within the glomerulus

63
Q

simple squamous epithelium continuous with the proximal tubules at the urinary pole and with the visceral layer at the vascular pole

A

parietal layers of bowman’s capsule

64
Q

what is in the visceral layer at the vascular pole of the bowman’s capsule

A

podocytes

65
Q

foot processes (pedicles) that interdigitate with foot processes of adjacent cells

A

podocytes

66
Q

what is the function of podocytes

A

aid in filtration

67
Q

very thin and fenstrated; make up capillaries; large pores (100nm) with no diaphragms

A

endothelial cells of filtration membrane

68
Q

very thick (300nm) 3x usual thickness

A

basal lamina

69
Q

GBM (glomerular basement membrane) contains what that is negatively charged?

A

glycoprotein

70
Q

most proteins are negatively charged. what is the example discussed in the notes.

A

albumin is small enough to pass into bowman’s capsule. the neg. charge of albumin causes repulsion when in contact with glycoprotein of glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The charge repulsion keeps albumin from passing through )<1% pass)

71
Q

between pedicles

A

filtration slits

72
Q

at a high hydrostatic pressure which forces the plasma through the attenuated filtration membrane

A

blood within the glomerular capillaries

73
Q

The route that the substances take across the glomerular membrane is completely ____.

A

extracellular

74
Q

cleans out basal lamina (GBM) by phagocytosis, also has contractile properties, can control glomerular blood flow, processes wrap around glomerular capillaries

A

intraglomerular mesangial cells

75
Q

that are the 3 factors that affect filtrate

A
  1. BP
  2. size of molecule
  3. electrical charge of molecules

Phys Final (5 decks)

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