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Phys Final > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three levels of differences between males and females?

A

Genetic, Gonadal, Phenotypic

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2
Q

What level Depends on combination of sex chromosomes at time of conception?

A

Genetic

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3
Q

this level depends whether testes or ovaries develop; Presence or absence of Y chromosome determines gonadal differentiation.

A

Gonadal

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4
Q

Apparent anatomic sex of individual; Determined by gonadal sex

A

Phenotypic

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5
Q

What is the production of sperm called?

A

spermatogenesis

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6
Q

Sperm-producing organs

A

testes

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7
Q

Suspended outside abdominal tract in skin-covered sac

A

Testes

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8
Q

What is this skin-covered sac of the testes called?

A

scrotum

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9
Q

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands; secretions provide bulk of semen

A

Accessory sex glands

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10
Q

Liquid substance that is conducive to sperm viability is called?

A

semen

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11
Q

Organ used to deposit semen in female

A

penis

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12
Q

Epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct empty into urethra

A

Male reproductive tract

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13
Q

Canal running length of penis that empties into exterior

A

urethra

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14
Q

Testes descent is usually complete by what month of gestation?

A

seventh month

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15
Q

What descend into scrotum?

A

testes

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16
Q

Testes location provides cooler environment essential for ?

A

Spermatogenesis

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17
Q

Testes perform a dual function. What two functions do they perform?

A

Produce sperm , secretes testosterone

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18
Q

What occurs within seminiferous tubules?

A

production of sperm

19
Q

Testosterone is produce by ?

A

Leydig ( interstitial ) cells that lie in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

20
Q

80 % of mass is?

A

seminiferous tubules

21
Q

What are found between the seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig or Interstitial cells

22
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs from?

A

basal side to luminal side

23
Q

What creates blood-testes barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

24
Q

Sertoli cells have two compartments. name them please

A

Basal compartment, Adluminal compartment

25
Q

Contains spermatogonia and 1 degree spermatocytes.

A

basal compartment

26
Q

Have occluding junctions between them and thus prevent passage of substance to the adluminal compartment.

A

sertoli cells

27
Q

Contains more advanced 1degree spermatocytes, 2degree spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm

A

Adluminal compartment

28
Q

What are the two roles of the blood testis barrier

A
  1. Protection of microenvironment of cells within the adluminal compartment.
  2. haploid cells are genetically different from parent cells. The blood testis barrier may prevent foreign proteins from these cells to reach general circulation and cause autoimmune infertility .
29
Q

Provide nourishment to developing sperm

A

Nurse cells

30
Q

Sertoli cells take up glucose via what ? metabolize the glucose to lactate, then transfer the lactate to sperm cells

A

GLUT-1 symporter

31
Q

Engulf cytoplasm extruded from sperm during spermiogenesis , destroy defective germ cells that fail to successfully complete all stages of spermatogenesis, Secrete seminiferous tubule fluid into lumen which flushes sperm from tubule in epididymis

A

Phagocytic cells

32
Q

Sertoli cells secrete

A

androgen-binding factor.

33
Q

What stimulates the synthesis of ABP, which binds testosterone and increases it concentration within seminiferous tubules.

A

FSH

34
Q

What stimulates spermatogenesis?

A

testosterone

35
Q

Sertoli cells produce blank which inhibits FSH

A

inhibin

36
Q

Setoli cells produce small amounts of ——- (converting some testosterone into E 2) which inhibits testosterone production in ?

A

estradiol ; Leydig cells (possibly)

37
Q

What percent of e2 in the male is made in the liver?

A

80 percent

38
Q

Sertoli cells are involved in ——- during fetal development ( Mullerian-inhibiting factor)

A

male duct development

39
Q

testosterone is produced by

A

interstitial cells ( Leydig cells)

40
Q

Steroid hormone is derived from a ———

A

precursor

41
Q

A substantial amount goes to lumen of seminiferous tubules which play a role in?

A

sperm production

42
Q

Some is released into blood- bind to targets with _______ in cytoplasm of cell

A

androgen receptors

43
Q

Testosterone and other androgens bind to cells with

A

androgen receptors

44
Q

A portion of testosterone produced by testes is converted to estrogen by?

A

aromatase

Phys Final (5 decks)

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