Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy exam 3 > urinary i > Flashcards

urinary i Flashcards

1
Q

what remove metabolic wastes and toxins that produce urine

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what connect the kidneys with the urinary bladder

A

ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what stores urine

A

bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is urine expelled from the body

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

against the posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 functions of kidneys

A

synthetic
excretion
regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 3 things do the kidneys produce as its synthetic function

A

erythropoietin

calcitriol

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what enters the kidneys via a vein

A

blood with metabolic waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 4 things are a part of the metabolic waste that kidneys filter

A

urea

creatinine

uric acid

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 2 ingested toxins do the kidneys filter

A

drugs

pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what 3 things do the kidneys regulate

A

water and electrolytes

acid base

arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the structural and functional units of kidneys

how many are there per kidney

A

nephrons

over a million each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of nephron is closer to the medulla (what %)

what type of nephron is located almost entirely in the cortex (what %)

A

juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

cortical nephrons (85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

within the nephron:

what filters blood plasma

what converts the filtrate to urine

A

renal corpuscle

renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 2 structures within the renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

within a renal corpuscle:

what is the cup shaped hollow structure that completely surrounds the glomerulus

what is are the row of capillaries wrapped around podocytes called

A

Bowmans capsule

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the process in which water and solutes in blood plasma pass from capillaries of the glomerulus into the capsular space of the nephron

A

glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does solutes in blood plasma enter the capsule, bringing blood into the nephron

where does this leave the capsule, and carries blood away

A

afferent arteriole

efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does blood flow after going into the glomerulus

where does it go from here

A

renal tubule lumen

effernet arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is glomerular filtration active or passive

what determines this

A

passive

pressure gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the total pressure that promotes filtration called

A

net filtration pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the formula for net filtration pressure (NFP)

A

GHP - (GCOP + CHP)

forces favoring filtration - forces that oppose it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are these acronyms :

NFP
GHP
GCOP
CHP

A

net filtration pressure

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure

glomerular colloid osmotic pressure

capsular hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the force of a fluid on the wall of its container

what is caused by the present of proteins

A

hydrostatic pressure

colloid osmotic pressure

25
Q

the capillaries of the glomerulus are under ____ pressure compared to the glomerular capsule

what is the result of this

A

higher

fluid moves from the blood into the glomerular capsule

26
Q

in relation to the 3 barriers that constitute the filtration membrane:

what prevents filtration of blood cells

what consists of proteoglycan gel that prevents filtration of large proteins

what is the negatively charged obstacle that prevents filtration of medium sized proteins (large anions)

A

fenestrated endothelium of capillary

basement membrane of glomerulus

filtration slits between pedicels

27
Q

what wrap around capillaries of filtration membranes that interdigitate with each other

A

podocytes

28
Q

what is the size that can pass through the filtration membrane (anything smaller than a ____ )

what is the size that cannot

A

3nm
protein

5nm

29
Q

what is it called when urine contains albumin (2)

what is it called when utine contains RBCs

A

albuminuria
proteinuria

hematuria

30
Q

what 2 things are a product of protein catabolism

A

ammonia
urea

31
Q

what is toxic and converted to urea in the liver

A

ammonia

32
Q

what is produced by the catabolism of nucleic acids

A

uric acid

33
Q

what is a breakdown of a product of creatine

A

creatinine

34
Q

the body stores creatine as ____-creatine in what part of the body where it is used for energy

A

phosphocreatine

muscles

35
Q

that is about 50% of the nitrogenous wastes

A

urea

36
Q

what is glomerular filtration rate

what is it in
males:
females:

A

the amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys combined

125 mL/min
105 mL/min

37
Q

what can be used as a measure of how well your kidneys filter blood

A

glomerular filtration rate

38
Q

what happens when GFR is

too low:
too high:

A

they reabsorb waste that should have been eliminated

dehydration and electrolyte depletion

39
Q

in regards to INTRINSIC control of GFR:

intra or extra renal

what is ^ regarded as

local or systemic

MAP when active

directly regulate GFR despite moderate changes in ___

what 2 things modify diameter

A

intra

renal autoregulation

local

80-180

blood pressure

myogenic response
tubuloglomerular feedback

40
Q

in regards to EXTRINSIC control of GFR:

intra or extra renal

what 2 things control it

systemic or local

MAP when active

why ^

indirectly regulates GFR by maintaining systemic ____

what are the 2 mechanisms for this

A

extra renal

neural
hormonal

systemic

less than 80

prevent damage to brain or other organs

blood pressure

neural sympathetic
hormonal angiotensin II

41
Q

afferent or efferent:

intrinsic GFR
extrinsic GFR

A

afferent
efferent

42
Q

what is the myogenic mechanism based on

A

smooth muscle to contract when stretched

43
Q

when the hydrostatic pressure against the walls of the arteriole increases, what happens

what happens to GFR when this happens

what happens to glomerulus when this happens ^

A

vasoconstriction

decreased GFR

potential damage

44
Q

when BP decreases, what happens to affernet arteriole to maintain GFR

A

constricts

45
Q

what feedback involves the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

tubuloglomerular feedback

46
Q

tubuloglomerular feedback:

  1. ____ ____ cells sense tubule flow via NaCl ions. when GFR raises, these cells secrete ____
  2. ____ cells metabolize ^ into _____
  3. _____ ____ cells constrict the arteriole in response to the molecule produced in the previous step
A

macula densa
ATP

mesengial cells
adenosine

granular cells (that contain juxtaglomerular cells)

47
Q

what contain granules of renin

A

juxtaglomerular cells

48
Q

what cells are the lining of the tubule

A

macula densa

49
Q

what does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System do

A

regulation of blood pressure

50
Q

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System:

  1. decrease in BP leads to a decrease in ____
  2. ______ release renin
  3. renin acts on _____ (what organ produces this)

what is ^ then converted into? is this active or inactive

  1. lungs and kidneys produce what

what does this do

  1. angiotensin ii does what
A

GFR

juxtaglomerular cells

angiotensinogen (liver)
angiogtensin I (inactive)

ACE
convertes angiotensin I into angiotensin ii

regulates BP

51
Q

what does vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles do to GFR

A

decreases it

52
Q

angiotensin ii does the following:

what does increased peripheral resistance and increased blood volume do

A

increase blood pressure

53
Q

what does aldosterone do

how does reabsorption of Na and Cl do

where is the thirst center in the brain

A

increase H2O absorption

make water follow it (increase blood volume)

hypothalamus

54
Q

what is the duct that leads away from the glomerular capsule and ends at the top of the medullary pyramid

A

renal tubule

55
Q

the flow of fluid through a nephron (6)

A

glomerulus

proximal convoluted tubule

loop of henle

distal convoluted tubule

collective duct

papillary duct

56
Q

does the collecting duct receive fluid from one or many nephrons

A

many

57
Q

flow of fluid through papillary duct to urinary bladder (6)

A

papillary duct

minor calyx

major calyx

renal pelvis

ureter

urinary bladder

58
Q

how many calyces converge to make the next part of the hierarchy

A

2-3

59
Q
A

anatomy exam 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions