Urinary Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

secretion and excretion of body wastes from the kidneys

A

Urinary elimination

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2
Q

what is apart of the upper urinary tract?

A

kidneys and the ureters

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3
Q

what is apart of the lower urinary tract?

A

urinary bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor

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4
Q

the primary regulator of fluid and electrolytes and acid base balance

A

the kidney

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5
Q

the urine is formed here. the blood is filtered and the waste is then removed.

A

nephron

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6
Q

tiny capillaries that are surrounded by bowman’s capsule that make up a nephron. This is the exact location of where the blood is filters.

A

Glomerlus

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7
Q

Most _____ occurs in the glomerulus. Blood pressure forces water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea into Bowman’s capsule. Proteins and blood cells are too large to cross the membrane. The remain in the blood. The fluid that enters the renal tubules is called the ____.

A

filtration ; filtrate

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8
Q

As the filtrate flows through the renal tubule, most of the water and nutrients are _______ into the blood. The concentrated fluid that remains is called urine.

A

Reabsorption

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9
Q

water and electrolytes are mainly absorbed here

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

glucose is mainly absorbed here

A

The loop of henle

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11
Q

Tubular secretion takes place here, and where additional sodium and water will be reabsorbed back into the blood depending on two hormones. ADH and aldosterone.

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

When fluid intake is low or there is an increase in the amount of solute in the blood the pituitary gland releases _____.

A

ADH

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13
Q

involuntary urination in children beyond the age of when voluntary control of the bladder is acquired.

A

Enuresis

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14
Q

when the bladder is over extended to empty the bladder completely

A

urinary retention

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15
Q

means no muscle tone or spastic with frequent involuntary urination.

A

neurogenic bladder

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16
Q

another word for urination

A

micturate

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17
Q

infants have immature kidneys and are unable to concentrate their urine and the older adults may lessen have the ability to hold their urine between their initial desire to void and getting to their bathroom or recognize that they have to use the bathroom. They are also more prone to incontinence due to chronic illnesses or other factors

A

Developmental lifespan considerations

18
Q

there may be a cultural or gender norm that varies affecting the urinary practices of an individual. for example public restrooms may be private or very public. As well as social expectation (work and school can interfere with timely voiding). Depression can decrease the desire to void as well

A

Pyscho-social -cultural

19
Q

Lifespan considerations such as diabetes those who have experienced a stroke, dementia, spinal cord injuries, males may have enlarged prostate glands. Diuretic medications and some drugs even change the color of urine.

A

Medical/pathological condition/surgical

20
Q

what has the ability to inhibit the release of ADH

A

caffeine

21
Q

List the factors affecting urinary elimination

A
developmental,
 physcho-social-cultural,
 medical/pathological/surgical,
diagnostic procedures,
nutrition and hydration,
activity and position,
muscle tone,
medications,
neuromuscular disease
22
Q

sudden strong desire to void

A

urgency

23
Q

voids at frequent intervals greater than 4 - 6 times a day

A

frequency

24
Q

difficulty or painful urination

A

dysuria

25
Q

any blood in the urine?

A

hematuria

26
Q

awakening at night to void two or more times.

A

nocturia

27
Q

voided less than 30 ml/hour or 500 ml/day

A

olyguria

28
Q

an abnormally large volume of output on a regular hourly basis

A

polyguria

29
Q

absent urine output of less than 100 ml/day

A

anuria

30
Q

what is considered normal urine output in a day?

A

1200-1500 ml /day

31
Q

what is considered normal urine color?

A

straw, amber, transparent

32
Q

inability to usually continent person to reach toilet in time to avoid unintentional loss of urine.

A

functional urinary incontinence

33
Q

involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention of the bladder.

A

overflow urinary incontinence

34
Q

involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached.

A

reflex urinary incontinence

35
Q

sudden leakage of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure

A

stress urinary incontinence

36
Q

involuntary passage of urine occurring soon after a strong sense of urgency to void.

A

urge urinary incontinence

37
Q

at risk for involuntary loss of urine associated with sudden, strong sensation of urinary urgency

A

risk for urge urinary incontinence

38
Q

What is the pathophysiology/etiology of urinary incontinence

A

women are more likely to exhibit short urethras
trauma to pelvic floor (multiple pregnancies)
menopause

39
Q

acute or short term incontinence

A

transient

40
Q

what are some incontinence interventions?

A
lifestyle changes
pelvic floor muscle training 
bladder retraining 
toileting schedules
intermittent catherization 
skin care