Urinary Elimination

Question 1

secretion and excretion of body wastes from the kidneys

Answer 1

Urinary elimination

Question 2

what is apart of the upper urinary tract?

Answer 2

kidneys and the ureters

Question 3

what is apart of the lower urinary tract?

Answer 3

urinary bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor

Question 4

the primary regulator of fluid and electrolytes and acid base balance

Answer 4

the kidney

Question 5

the urine is formed here. the blood is filtered and the waste is then removed.

Answer 5

nephron

Question 6

tiny capillaries that are surrounded by bowman’s capsule that make up a nephron. This is the exact location of where the blood is filters.

Answer 6

Glomerlus

Question 7

Most _____ occurs in the glomerulus. Blood pressure forces water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea into Bowman’s capsule. Proteins and blood cells are too large to cross the membrane. The remain in the blood. The fluid that enters the renal tubules is called the ____.

Answer 7

filtration ; filtrate

Question 8

As the filtrate flows through the renal tubule, most of the water and nutrients are _______ into the blood. The concentrated fluid that remains is called urine.

Answer 8

Reabsorption

Question 9

water and electrolytes are mainly absorbed here

Answer 9

The proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

glucose is mainly absorbed here

Answer 10

The loop of henle

Question 11

Tubular secretion takes place here, and where additional sodium and water will be reabsorbed back into the blood depending on two hormones. ADH and aldosterone.

Answer 11

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

When fluid intake is low or there is an increase in the amount of solute in the blood the pituitary gland releases _____.

Answer 12

ADH

Question 13

involuntary urination in children beyond the age of when voluntary control of the bladder is acquired.

Answer 13

Enuresis

Question 14

when the bladder is over extended to empty the bladder completely

Answer 14

urinary retention

Question 15

means no muscle tone or spastic with frequent involuntary urination.

Answer 15

neurogenic bladder

Question 16

another word for urination

Answer 16

micturate

Question 17

infants have immature kidneys and are unable to concentrate their urine and the older adults may lessen have the ability to hold their urine between their initial desire to void and getting to their bathroom or recognize that they have to use the bathroom. They are also more prone to incontinence due to chronic illnesses or other factors

Answer 17

Developmental lifespan considerations

Question 18

there may be a cultural or gender norm that varies affecting the urinary practices of an individual. for example public restrooms may be private or very public. As well as social expectation (work and school can interfere with timely voiding). Depression can decrease the desire to void as well

Answer 18

Pyscho-social -cultural

Question 19

Lifespan considerations such as diabetes those who have experienced a stroke, dementia, spinal cord injuries, males may have enlarged prostate glands. Diuretic medications and some drugs even change the color of urine.

Answer 19

Medical/pathological condition/surgical

Question 20

what has the ability to inhibit the release of ADH

Answer 20

caffeine

Question 21

List the factors affecting urinary elimination

Answer 21

developmental,
 physcho-social-cultural,
 medical/pathological/surgical,
diagnostic procedures,
nutrition and hydration,
activity and position,
muscle tone,
medications,
neuromuscular disease

Question 22

sudden strong desire to void

Answer 22

urgency

Question 23

voids at frequent intervals greater than 4 - 6 times a day

Answer 23

frequency

Question 24

difficulty or painful urination

Answer 24

dysuria

Question 25

any blood in the urine?

Answer 25

hematuria

Question 26

awakening at night to void two or more times.

Answer 26

nocturia

Question 27

voided less than 30 ml/hour or 500 ml/day

Answer 27

olyguria

Question 28

an abnormally large volume of output on a regular hourly basis

Answer 28

polyguria

Question 29

absent urine output of less than 100 ml/day

Answer 29

anuria

Question 30

what is considered normal urine output in a day?

Answer 30

1200-1500 ml /day

Question 31

what is considered normal urine color?

Answer 31

straw, amber, transparent

Question 32

inability to usually continent person to reach toilet in time to avoid unintentional loss of urine.

Answer 32

functional urinary incontinence

Question 33

involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention of the bladder.

Answer 33

overflow urinary incontinence

Question 34

involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached.

Answer 34

reflex urinary incontinence

Question 35

sudden leakage of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 35

stress urinary incontinence

Question 36

involuntary passage of urine occurring soon after a strong sense of urgency to void.

Answer 36

urge urinary incontinence

Question 37

at risk for involuntary loss of urine associated with sudden, strong sensation of urinary urgency

Answer 37

risk for urge urinary incontinence

Question 38

What is the pathophysiology/etiology of urinary incontinence

Answer 38

women are more likely to exhibit short urethras trauma to pelvic floor (multiple pregnancies) menopause

Question 39

acute or short term incontinence

Answer 39

transient

Question 40

what are some incontinence interventions?

Answer 40

``` lifestyle changes pelvic floor muscle training bladder retraining toileting schedules intermittent catherization skin care ```