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Nur 111 - Unit 4 Exam > Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Balance between intake and output and movement of water in substances that is dissolved between different compartments

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the average total body of water for infants

A

70 - 80 %

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3
Q

What is the average total of body of water in children?

A

65%

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4
Q

Lean muscular adults have a total body of water of?

A

75%

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5
Q

What is the average total of body of water for Men and Women?

A

65 % and 55 %

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6
Q

fluid found WITHIN the cell (2/3)

A

Intracellular (ICF)

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7
Q

Fluid found outside the cell (1/3)

A

Extracellular (ECF)

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8
Q

What are the two sub-components of ECF?

A 
Intravascular fluid (plasma) 20%
Interstitial fluid (intercellular) 75%
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9
Q

What does a fluid balance consist of ?

A

fluid intake
fluid distribution
fluid output

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10
Q

what is the average fluid intake for an average adult?

A

2300 ml (but the amount can vary depending on exercise and diet)

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11
Q

The movement of fluid among it’s various departments

A

fluid distribution

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12
Q

measurement of the concentration of solutes in body fluids

A

osmolality

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13
Q

What is the greatest determinant of serum osmolality?

A

Sodium

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14
Q

The osmolality of ECF is _______ to that of the ICF

A

approximate or equal to

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15
Q

“pulling pressure”

Power of a solution to pull water across a semipermeable membrane to equalize the solution

A

Osmotic Pressure

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16
Q

“pushing pressure” exerted by a fluid within a closed system on the walls of a container in which it is contained (an example of this is the force exerted by blood against the vascular walls)

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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17
Q

Develops with changes in normal osmotic hydrostatic pressure differences (occurs when there is an increase in the hydrostatic pressure and decrease in osmotic pressure)

A

Edema

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18
Q

Passive process whereby water moves across a membrane from a lower particle concentration (hypotonic) solution to a higher particle concentration solution

A

Osmosis ( important in maintaining homeostasis)

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19
Q

passive process where molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

20
Q

process where fluid + small solutes move together across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an are of lower pressure

A

Filtration

21
Q

movement of SOLUTES across cell membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated area. Energy ATP is used. (ex. is a sodium-potassium pump)

A

Active Transport

22
Q

Due to injury or disease

fluid may shift from the vascular space and become “trapped” in other areas

A

Third Spacing

23
Q

What is considered sensible fluid intake and fluid loss?

A

fluid intake ; 2400 - 2700 ml

fluid loss: 2400 - 2700 ml

24
Q

What is considered insensible fluid loss? (loss that can not be perceived or measured by an individual)

A

2300 2600 ml

25
Q

how much fluid intake does an adult need on average for a day?

A

30ml/kg/day of fluid

26
Q

the hypothalamus is the primary regulator of body fluid intake due to the ____ mechanism being located here

A

Thirst Mechanism

27
Q

The ____ are the primary regulator of the body fluid and electrolyte balance and acid base balance

A

Kidney

28
Q

The most dominate electrolyte in the extracellular fluid and is a major contributor to osmolality

A

Sodium

29
Q

Where sodium goes _____ goes

A

water

30
Q

a hormone that regulates water excretion and causes the kidneys to retain fluid

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

31
Q

Pressure sensors in the vascular system stimulate or inhibits the release of ____

A

ADH

32
Q

A hormone that is produced by the cardiac atrium in response to excess blood volume that stretches the atrial wall. Acts on the nephrons as a potent diuretic to decrease blood volume.

A

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

33
Q

What should be included in the assessment for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

A

Age (very young and old at risk)
Environment (excessively hot?)
Dietary intake: (fluids, salt, foods rich in potassium, calcium and magnesium)
Lifestyle: (alcohol intake history)
Medications: (include OTC and herbal, in addition to prescription medications)

34
Q

What medical history should be assessed for risk factors in order to diagnose fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

A 
Recent surgery: physiological stress
Gastrointestinal output
Acute illness and trauma
Chronic illness 
Stress
35
Q

Measures the volume in percentage of RBCs in relation to plasma which then changes as blood plasma volume changes.
Average in Men 40 - 54%
Average in Women 37 - 47%

A

Hematocrit

36
Q

Measures the amount of all chemical particles dissolved in serum and provides information on the body’s water balance. Has an inverse relationship with hydration (when hydration increases ___________ decreases)

A

Serum Osmolality

37
Q

Protein produced by the liver 35 - 50 g/L

has a sponge like effect

A

Albumin

38
Q

Important for intracellular metabolism in producing and using ATP. Promotes carbs, fats, and protein metabolism. Powers the Na - K pump. regulates cardiac function. transmit nerve impulses. relaxes muscle contractions

A

Magnesium (1.5 - 25 mEq/L)

39
Q

what are some food sources for magnesium?

A

whole grains, nuts, dried fruit, green leafy vegetables, dairy products, tuna fish and chocolate

40
Q

what are some major sources of calcium?

A

dairy, cheese, yogurt, broccoli, kale, grains, egg yolks

41
Q

Responsible for forming bones and teeth. Aids in the clotting of blood. Transmitting nerve impulses. Regulates cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction. Decreases neuro-muscular irritability

A

Calcium (8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL)

42
Q

Maintain proper blood volume and pressure. Necessary for maintenance of acid- base via the kidneys. Most of this electrolyte comes from the salt or sodium chloride that you eat.) Easily absorbed by the intestines and it is eliminated through the kidneys.

A

Chloride (96 - 108 mE/L)

43
Q

Most abundant electrolyte in ECF: 90%. Main determinant of serum osmolality. Necessary to regulate balance of fluid. Kidneys main regulator of sodium re-absorption or excretion (hormones).

A

Sodium ( 135 - 145 mEq/L)

44
Q

What are some food high in potassium?

A

oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, dairy products, whole grains

45
Q

What is important to remember when taking potassium?

A

Take with food

46
Q

What candy in large amounts can cause hypokalemia?

A

Licorice

47
Q

Most abundant cation in ICF: maintains fluid inside of the cells. Necessary for nerve impulse transmission, regulates cell excitability. ICF and ECF K+ ration must be maintained. Vital for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle activity.

A

Potassium ( 3.5 - 5.3)

Nur 111 - Unit 4 Exam (4 decks)

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