Thermoregulation

Question 1

must be a balance between the heat produced by your body and the heat that your body produces

Answer 1

thermoregulation

Question 2

temperature of the deep tissues of the body, chest, abdominal/pelvic cavity. The core area includes your heart, lungs, stomach and bowel.

Answer 2

core temperature

Question 3

temperature of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and includes the blood vessels. this type of temperature changes with the environment

Answer 3

surface temperature

Question 4

heat loss that can not be measured (hypothalamus control temperature) accounts for about 10% of the basal heat loss in the body

Answer 4

insensible heat loss

Question 5

The point (temperature) where your hypothalamic thermostatis set

Answer 5

set - point

Question 6

basal metabolism, muscle contraction, increased metabolic rate is classified as…

Answer 6

heat production

Question 7

shivering and vasoconstriction is classified as….

Answer 7

heat conservation

Question 8

evaporation (sweating), conduction (contact with cold surfaces), radiation (vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin), convection (contact with air currents) is classified as…

Answer 8

Heat loss

Question 9

what aids in the regulation of body temperature?

Answer 9

#1 sensors in the periphery and in the core
#2 hypothalamic integrator (control center) 
#3 effector system (what does the effect does the body have in response to the control center)

Question 10

where are most sensory receptors located in the skin?

Answer 10

skin

Question 11

what are the three physiologic processes to increase the body temperature take place ?

Answer 11

shivering
sweating is inhibited to conserve heat
vasoconstriction (sends blood back to the core)

Question 12

The skin has more receptors for when you are ____ rather than when you are _____.

Answer 12

cold ; warm

Question 13

center that controls the core temperature

Answer 13

hypothalamic intergrator

Question 14

what are the two types of sensors released by the hypothalamic intergrator?

Answer 14

heat hypothalamus sensors

cold hypthalamus sensors

Question 15

adjusts the production and loss of heat

Answer 15

Effector system

Question 16

what initiates the effectors?

Answer 16

signals from cold-sensitive or heat-sensitive receptors

Question 17

internal clock in the brain

Answer 17

circadian rhythm

Question 18

factors affecting body temperature

Answer 18

hormones, age, environment, stress, circadian rhythm

Question 19

infants respond very drastically to the external environment and can lose up to 3% of their body heat through their head.

Answer 19

some life span considerations to consider for thermoregulation

Question 20

how do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius ?

Answer 20

(fahrenheit temperature - 32) x 5/9

Question 21

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

Answer 21

(Celsisus temperature x 9/5) + 32

Question 22

any agent that causes fever

Answer 22

pyrogen

Question 23

What are the different types of fever?

Answer 23

intermittent, remittent, relasping, constant, fever spike

Question 24

what are the benefits of a fever?

Answer 24

pattern is useful in diagnosing certain organisms

Question 25

bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, foreign substances, incompatible blood products, (drugs/substances formed by micro-organsims that induce fever)

Answer 25

exogenous pyrogens

Question 26

infection caused by an infectious agent already present in the body. (example E. Coli from the GI tract that enters the urinary tract)

Answer 26

endogenous pyrogens

Question 27

pyrogens act on the hypothalamus to reset the set point. increased HR, RR, chills, feeling of coldness, pallor/cold skin and cyanotic nail beds due to vasoconstriction, shivering, goosebumps, c/o feeling cold cessation of sweating

Answer 27

onset chill phase (last for about 10 - 30 minutes)

Question 28

the core temperature reaches this new set point. No chills, skin feels warm, photosensitivty, glassy eye appearance, increased delirium, convulsions, fever blister, loss of appetite, aching muscles, and weakness

Answer 28

course/plateau phase

Question 29

a temperature spike usually occurs and may have an increase up to 106-108 F. what kind of effect can this have on your body?

Answer 29

can severely damage the brain, liver, kidneys and other organs

Question 30

Cause of temperature is removed, new set point causes heat loss response (sweating, flushed skin appearance, skin feel warm, decreased shivering, possible dehydation

Answer 30

Defercesence/fever abatement/ flush phase

during this phase you would want to reduce physical activity to limit heat production

Question 31

regulated rise in the core body temperature to 1-2 degrees higher

Answer 31

Fever (pyrexia)

OLDER ADULTS CAN BE INFECTED WITHOUT FEVER

Question 32

non-regulated rise in temperature caused by imbalance between heat loss and heat gain. ( not a true fever) can be characterized by flushed skin, increased temperature above normal range, tachycardia, tachypnea, warm to touch, seizures in children?

Answer 32

hyperthermia

Question 33

happens between the temperatures of 101 F - 102 F and is characterized by paleness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fainting

Answer 33

Heat exhaustion

Question 34

happens when the temperature is greater than 106 F and is characterized by hot/dry skin, absence, of sweating, warm flushed skin, seizures, unconscious, delirious

Answer 34

Heat Stroke

Question 35

what are some interventions for hyperthermia?

Answer 35

physical cooling (warm air spray, cooling blankets, ice packs, iced gastric lavage) and teaching for prevention

Question 36

core body temperature below 96.8 F

Answer 36

hypothermia (physiologic mechanism of hypothermia is excessive heat loss, heat production does not = heat loss, impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation

Question 37

temperature fluctation between hypothermia and hyperthermia

Answer 37

ineffective thermoregulation

Question 38

at risk for failure to maintain body temperature within a normal range

Answer 38

risk for imbalanced body temperature