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Ellie-NUR 120 > Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

Urinary Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

what is urinary elimination

A

is removal or excretion of waste product of the bladder from the body

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2
Q

what are the kidneys responsible for

A

removal of metabolic waste and other elements from the blood in the form of urine

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3
Q

what do the kidneys and ureters do

A

Maintain composition and volume of body fluids
Filter and excrete blood constituents not needed; retain those that are needed
Excrete waste product (urine)

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4
Q

how do nephrons maintain and regulate fluid balance

A

through mechanisms of selective reabsorption and secretion of water, electrolytes and other substances

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5
Q

what are some factors affecting urination

A

developmental considerations
food and fluid intake
psychological variables
activity and muscle tone
pathologic conditions
meds

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6
Q

what is a developmental considerations for infants, toddlers, and children

A

struggle w/ voluntary control

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7
Q

what are some developmental considerations for older adults

A

age 50 (lose bladder control)
bladder stops expanding as much
uti’s
decrease in filtration
meds
kidney function decreases
nocturnal frequency

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8
Q

what is nocturnal enurisis

A

bed wetting @ night

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9
Q

what are we observing for urine production

A

intake vs output

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10
Q

what does urine color tell us

A

how the kidneys are functioning

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11
Q

what 3 things do food and fluid intake affect

A

urine production
color
odor

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12
Q

what are some psychological variables

A

personal-anxiety
sociocultural-private parts exposed
environmental-privacy
stress-urge incontinence

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13
Q

what does long term cath use do

A

decreases muscle tone

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14
Q

what does immobility do

A

decrease bladder sphincter tone
stasis in bladder
incontinence

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15
Q

what happens to bladder muscle in menopause

A

it atrophies

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16
Q

what are some pathologic conditions

A

uti
renal failure
hypertension (kidneys help control bp)
diabetes
heart failure

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17
Q

acute renal failure can be caused by what

A

sepsis
antibiotics
NSAIDS

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18
Q

what can chronic renal failure lead to

A

diabetes
hypertension
heart failure

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19
Q

what is an effect of diuretics on urine production and elimination

A

HTN

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20
Q

what is an effect of cholinergic on urine production and elimination

A

stimulate contraction of muscle

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21
Q

what is an effect of analgesics and tranquilizers on urine production and elimination

A

depresses CNS

22
Q

what color does anticoagulants turn urine

A

red

23
Q

what color do diuretics turn urine

A

clear light, pale

24
Q

what color does pyridium turn urine

A

orange

25
Q

what color does antidepressant amitriptyline turn urine

A

blue or green

26
Q

what color does b complex vitamins turn urine

A

blue or green

27
Q

what color does levodopa turn urine

A

brown/black

28
Q

Effects both sexes but women twice as much as men
Older women, men with enlarged prostates and people with Diabetes are more prone to developing
Usually treated with Antibiotics

A

uti

29
Q

Can be caused by medications, obstruction, anxiety, inflammation
Inability to empty bladder completely

A

urinary retention

30
Q

May be managed by a urinary catheter
Can be treated with medications, devices, sacral nerve stimulation and surgery

A

urinary incontinence

31
Q

Causes urine to bypass the bladder
Done for birth defects, cancer, trauma and diseases
Associated risks are infection and permanent kidney damage

A

urinary diversion

32
Q

what causes urinary retention

A

antihistamines
antidepressants
anxiety

33
Q

what are some ways to manage urinary retention

A

pelvic floor exercises
meds
flomax
monitoring intake and output
heating pad

34
Q

what is transient urinary retention

A

sudden
lasts 6 months or less

35
Q

what is stress urinary incontinence

A

involuntary loss of urine due to abd pressure

36
Q

what is overflow urinary incontinence

A

bladder stretching

37
Q

what is functional urinary incontinence

A

caused by factors outside of ut

38
Q

what is reflex urinary incontinence

A

incontinence w/ no sensation

39
Q

what is total urinary incontinence

A

continuous (long-term cath use)

40
Q

what do you manage pt w/ urinary incontinence

A

perineal skin care
behavioral modifications (alcohol, caffeine, wt loss, citrus and spicy foods, bladder training, pelvic floor exercises, avoid constipation)
mechanical treatment
medication (topical estrogen)
surgical treatment (enlarged prostate, bladder distension)

41
Q

what is a cesectomy

A

bladder removal

42
Q

what are some urinary diversions

A

ileal conduit
cutaneous ureterostomy
continent (CUD)

43
Q

what is an ileal conduit

A

most common
reconstruction of urinary tract

44
Q

what is a cutaneous ureterostomy

A

ureters put to abd wall (bag)

45
Q

what is a continent urinary diversion

A

“bladder” is created and put in body (bag)

46
Q

what is some pt education for urinary diversion

A

Explain reason for diversion and rationale for treatment
Demonstrate effective self-care behaviors
Describe follow-up care and support resources
Report where supplies may be obtained in the community
Verbalize related fears and concerns
Demonstrate a positive body image

47
Q

what are some characteristics of a suprapubic cath

A

temporary
used when there was urethral trauma
positioned in bladder

48
Q

what are some risk factors for utis

A

sexually active women
diaphragms
postmenopausal women
indwelling urinary cath
diabetes
older

49
Q

what diagnostic evaluation is used for a uti

A

urinalysis

50
Q

what is used to treat uti’s

A

antibiotics
cotton underwear

51
Q

what diagnostic tests can be used

A

urinalysis
24-hr urine specimen
renal function test
renal ultrasound
ct scan
cystoscopy (direct visualization of bladder)

Ellie-NUR 120 (8 decks)

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