Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ellie-NUR 120 > Pain pt 2 > Flashcards

Pain pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some barriers to pain management

A

age
communication
cognitive impairment
mental health conditions
injury associated w/ pain
conditions associated w/pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some factors that affect pain

A

culture, ethnicity
family, sex, gender, age
religious beliefs
environment, support people
anxiety, other stressors
past pain experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some nursing interventions for pain

A

Establishing trusting nurse–patient relationship
Manipulating factors affecting pain experience
Initiating nonpharmacologic pain relief measures
Managing pharmacologic interventions
Complementary and alternative relief measures
Considering ethical and legal responsibility to relieve pain
Teaching patient about pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some non-pharmacologic pain relief measures

A

distraction
humor
music
imagery
relaxation
cutaneous stimulation
acupuncture
hypnosis
biofeedback
therapeutic touch
animal-facilitated therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 opioid receptors

A

mu
kappa
delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are mu opioid receptors

A

stimulated by opioid drugs causing analgesia
also causes respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, and physical dependance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are kappa opioid receptors

A

stimulated by opioid drugs causing analgesia
also causes sedation and psychotomimetic effects such as hallucinations and delusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are delta opioid receptors

A

no pharmacology effects when stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is inflammation

A

Response to cellular damage and release of bradykinins, histamine, prostaglandins,
leukotrienes resulting in pain, inflammation, edema and the systemic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is suppression of inflammation

A

The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release ACTH which stimulates the
adrenal glands to produce cortisol which plays a role in suppressing inflammation and the
release of aldosterone which affects fluid balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 nonopioid analgesics

A

acetaminophen and NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some characteristics of nonopioid analgesics

A

can be used for acute or chronic pain
lack of dependence
less side effects
decreases inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are opioid/narcotic analgesics considered

A

controlled substaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some characteristics of opioids/narcotics

A

used for visceral pain
drowsiness
respiratory depression
gi issues
constipation
high dependency rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 2 examples of controlled substances

A

morphine and codiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 2 inflammatory drugs

A

antihyperuricemics/uricosurics/urate lowering therapy
glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what class are 1st gen NSAIDS

A

COX-1 inhibitors and COX-2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are 2nd gen NSAIDS

A

COX-2 inhibitors and acetaminophen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a centrally acting NSAID

A

tramadol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are examples of 1st gen NSAIDS

A

aspirin and ibuprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the 2nd gen NSAID

A

celecoxib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the pharmacologic action of aspirin and ibuprofen

A

inhibit the action of COX-1 and COX-2 which stimulates the release of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the adverse reactions w/ aspirin and ibuprofen

A

gastric upset
heartburn
nausea
gastric ulceration
bleeding tendencies
renal dysfunction
increased thromboembolic events
aspirin toxicity
Reye’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the interventions for aspirin and ibuprofen

A

Monitor for signs of bleeding, such as dark stool, hematemesis, bruising
excessive bleeding from minor injuries such as shaving
Monitor I/O, BUN, Creatinine
Assess for signs of toxicity such as tinnitus, dizziness, headache.
Use acetaminophen instead of aspirin for children under 18 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do you administer aspirin and ibuprofen
swallow do not crush or chew enteric coated or sustained release, avoid alcohol, take with food, milk or water
26
what are some contraindications of aspirin and ibuprofen
pregnancy peptic ulcer disease hemophilia current diagnosis of chicken pox or flu Older adults, smokers alcohol use disorders impaired kidney function heart failure hypertension Helicobacter pylori
27
what is a precaution of aspirin and ibuprofen
discontinue a week before surgery
28
what are some interactions of aspirin and ibuprofen
use of aspirin with anticoagulants, glucocorticoids and alcohol increase risk for bleeding Use with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers increase the risk of renal failure Toxicity of lithium carbonate and methotrexate
29
what is the class of celecoxib
COX-2 inhibitors
30
what is the pharmacologic action of celecoxib
inhibit the action of COX-2 which stimulates the release of prostaglandins
31
what are the adverse reactions w/ celecoxib
renal dysfunction and increased risk of clots
32
what are the interventions for celecoxib
Monitor for signs of bleeding, such as dark stool, hematemesis, bruising excessive bleeding from minor injuries such as shaving Monitor I/O, BUN, Creatinine Assess for signs of MI or stroke
33
how do you administer celecoxib
2 hours before or after magnesium or aluminum- based antacids, take with food, milk or water
34
what are some contraindications w/ celecoxib
pregnancy children under the age of 18 alcohol use disorders impaired kidney or liver function heart failure hypertension Helicobacter pylori allergic to sulfonamides
35
what are the precautions w/ celecoxib
changes in weight gain, signs of fluid retention, such as edema and bloating
36
what are the interactions w/ celecoxib
furosemide and antihypertensive less effective. warfarin and lithium toxicity Glucocorticoids and alcohol bleeding
37
what class is acetaminophen
nonopioid analgesic
38
what is the pharmacologic action for acetaminophen
inhibit the action of COX-1 and COX-2 but is limited to the CNS, therefore relieves pain and reduces fever but does have ant-inflammatory or anti-coagulant effects
39
what are the adverse reactions w/ acetaminophen
liver damage with toxic doses and hypertension when taken daily
40
what are the interventions w/ acetaminophen
Monitor for signs of overdose or poisoning such as abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, sweating and diarrhea Monitor blood pressure if taking on a regular basis.
41
how do you administer acetaminophen
do not take more than 4 g in 24 hours. Often is found in combination cold and flu products so be careful reading labels.
42
what is a contraindication for acetaminophen
alcoholism
43
what are the precautions w/ acetaminophen
anemia immune suppression liver/kidney disease
44
what are the interactions for acetaminophen
increases risk of bleeding when also taking warfarin, if reduced absorption when taking cholestyramine
45
what is the name of the centrally acting nonopioid
tramadol
46
what is the class of tramadol
centrally acting nonopioid
47
what is the pharmacologic action of tramadol
binds to selected opioid receptors and blocking reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the CNS
48
what are the adverse reactions for tramadol
rare but include sedation and dizziness, headache, nausea and constipation. Seizures
49
what are the interventions w/ tramadol
Monitor during ambulation, vital signs particularly respiratory rate, seizure activity and urinary retention.
50
how do you administer tramadol
effects typically not felt until an hour after administration. Swallow extended release do not chew or crush.
51
what are the contraindications w/ tramadol
alcoholism taking opioids or psychotropics seizure disorders respiratory depression under the age of 12 liver or kidney disease increased intracranial pressure
52
what are the precautions for tramadol
avoid taking before driving or performing activities Change positions slowly
53
what are the interactions for tramadol
taking with MAOI’s increased risk for hypertensive crisis increases effects of CNS depressant taking with St. Johns wort increases its sedative effects.
54
what is the opioid agonist
morphine
55
what class is morphine
opioid agonist
56
what is the pharmacologic action of morphine
mimics naturally occurring opioids, endorphins and enkephalins by binding with the mu receptors
57
what are adverse reactions for morphine
respiratory depression and sedation dizziness lightheaded and drowsiness Constipation orthostatic hypotension High potential for abuse
58
what are interventions w/ morphine
Monitor vital signs particularly respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, If RR less than 12 hold medication and consider administering naloxone Monitor for constipation, urinary retention and dependance
59
how do you administer morphine
orally intramuscularly intravenously subcutaneously rectally epidurally Have naloxone and resuscitation equipment readily available
60
what are contraindications for morphine
pregnant women because it can cause newborn respiratory depression or neonatal withdrawal syndrome Renal failure increased intracranial pressure biliary surgery
61
what are the precautions for morphine
avoid taking before driving or performing activities. Change positions slowly
62
what are the interactions for morphine
interact with CNS suppressants causing increased CNS suppression Anticholinergics- increases risk for constipation and urinary retention taking with MAOI’s increased risk for hyperpyrexic syndrome taking with St. Johns wort increases its sedative effects
63
what are the opioid agonist-antagonists
butorphanol and pentazocine
64
what is the class of butorphanol and pentazocine
opioid agonist-antagonist
65
what is the pharmacologic action of butorphanol and pentazocine
mu receptors antagonists and kappa receptor agonists
66
what are adverse reactions for butorphanol and pentazocine
respiratory depression and sedation dizziness lightheaded and drowsiness headache nausea Increased cardiac workload
67
what are interventions w/ butorphanol and pentazocine
ask if they are taking an opioid before administering as it can precipitate withdrawal symptoms Monitor vital signs particularly respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. If RR less than 12 hold medication.
68
how do you administer butorphanol and pentazocine
IM IV intranasally
69
what are contraindications for butorphanol and pentazocine
Acute myocardial infarction renal or liver disease increased intracranial pressure cardiac insufficiency hypertension
70
what are the precautions for butorphanol and pentazocine
avoid taking before driving or performing activities. Change positions slowly
71
what are the interactions for butorphanol and pentazocine
interact with CNS suppressants causing increased CNS suppression If given with opioids will decease the effect of the opioid
72
what is an opioid antagonist
naloxone
73
what class is naloxone
opioid antagonist
74
what is the pharmacologic action of naloxone
block opioid receptors reversing or antagonizing the effects of opioids
75
what are adverse reactions of naloxone
ventricular arrythmias and abstinence syndrome in opioid dependent including hypertension, vomiting and tremors
76
what are interventions w/ naloxone
closely monitor for dangerous elevations in blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms
77
how do you administer naloxone
IM IV subcutaneous
78
what are contraindications w/ naloxone
Acute myocardial infarction renal or liver disease increased intracranial pressure cardiac insufficiency hypertension
79
what are precautions for naloxone
caution in use on cardiac irritability, head injury, with increased intracranial pressure, brain tumor, or seizures
80
what are interactions for naloxone
will decrease the effect of opioids
81
what drug is a antihyperuricemics/uricosurics/urate lowering therapy
allopurinol
82
what class is allopurinol in
anti/gout/antihyperuricemics
83
what is the pharmacologic action of allopurinol
inhibit the conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid and inhibit the reabsorption of uric acid by the kidneys promoting excretion
84
what are adverse reactions of allopurinol
generally tolerated well but some may experience hypersensitivity syndrome, liver and kidney dysfunction, GI disturbances and bone marrow depression and a metallic taste in their mouth. Cataracts if taken for extended period.
85
what are interventions of allopurinol
monitor for hypersensitivity syndrome if taking greater than 2-4 weeks Monitor kidney and liver function and CBC. Give after meals if GI disturbances occur Visit ophthalmologist regularly
86
how do you administer allopurinol
orally or intravenously. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with fluid or food. Drink at least 3 liters of fluid daily.
87
what are contraindications w/ allopurinol
bone marrow depression liver or kidney disease peptic ulcers lower GI tract diseases
88
what are precautions of allopurinol
minimize exposure of eyes to bright sunlight
89
what are interactions of allopurinol
increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin increases risk of toxicity if taken with mercaptopurine, theophylline and azathioprine Increases risk for rash if taken with ampicillin
90
what drug class is prednisone
glucocorticoids
91
what is the pharmacologic action of prednisone
mimic cortisol by suppressing inflammation and the immune response resulting in decreasing pain and swelling
92
what are adverse reactions w/ prednisone
hyperglycemia myopathy peptic ulcer disease and GI distress Bone loss cataracts increased risk for infection
93
what are interventions w/ prednisone
monitor hypotension and fatigue monitor blood glucose levels observe for sign of infection I/O edema weight gain
94
how do you administer prednisone
orally intramuscularly intravenously subcutaneously topically intranasally inhalation Start with larger doses and progressively decrease doses. Do not stop abruptly.
95
what are contraindications w/ prednisone
systemic fungal infection cataracts heart failure peptic ulcer disease diabetes hypertension renal dysfunction myasthenia gravis osteoporosis
96
what are precautions of prednisone
long term effects even if given for a short period of time
97
what are interactions of prednisone
prevent the body from responding appropriately to vaccines Increased risk of hypokalemia if taking furosemide Increased risk of dysrhythmias when taking digoxin Increased risk of GI bleed and ulceration if also taking NSAIDs effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemics decreased
98
what receptors do opioid agonists primarily bind to
mu receptors
99
what receptors do opioid agonist-antagonists primarily bind to
mu and kappa receptors
100
what is the pasero opioid-induced sedation scale
s=sleep, easy to arouse; no action necessary i=awake & alert; no action necessary 3=frequently drowsy, drifts to sleep during conversation; decrease the opioid 4=somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue the opioid and consider use of naloxone
101
what is a uricosuric
Treat gout: an inflammatory disorder that occurs due to high levels of uric acid in the blood. The uric acid crystalizes and deposits in joints. Primarily small joints such as the big toe. Can also deposit in the skin and organs if untreated.
102
what are corticosteroids
Treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases: wide variety of disorders of the skin, respiratory system, allergic reactions, rheumatoid arthritis and to prevent organ rejection and respiratory
103
what is drug diversion
any act that causes a drug to not reach the right person

Ellie-NUR 120 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions