Pain pt 1 Flashcards
is pain objective or subjective
subjective
what is bradykinin
a powerful vasodilator that increases capillary
permeability and constricts smooth muscle
what are prostaglandins
important hormone-like substances that
send additional pain stimuli to the CNS
what is substance P
sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain
and also increases the rate of firing of
nerves
what is transduction
activation of pain receptors
what is transmission
conduction along pathways (A-delta and C-delta fibers)
what is perception of pain
awareness of the characteristics of pain (feeling)
what is modulation
inhibition or modification of
pain (meds)
what is pain threshold
Minimum Intensity of a Stimulus that is Perceived as Painful
what is adaptation
The body adapts to painful stimuli when introduced slowly
what are some modulators of pain
neuromodulators
endorphins
dynorphins
enkephalins
what are neuromodulators
natural Opioid compounds that reduce pain through binding opioid receptors in the CNS
what are 3 pain blocking chemicals that relieve pain
endorphins
dynorphins
enkephalins
what is etiology
cause of pain
what are the typical causes of acute pain
injury or surgery
what are some characteristics of acute pain
rapid onset
varies in intensity
warns person of damage
what are some characteristics of chronic pain
Lasts beyond the normal healing period
can cause depression
usually interfere’s w/ ADL’s
can have periods of exasterbations
can be dependent on pain meds
can cause frustration or anger
what is cutaneous pain
superficial (papercut)
what is somatic pain
deep pain
diffused/scattered
ex. sprains, arthritis, and ligament tears
what is visceral pain
originates in organ and can radiate
ex. gi infection, labor pain, appendicitis
what is referred pain
occurs in area distant from original site (ex. heart attack)
what is nociceptive pain
most common
aching pain
receptors respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain
usually somatic and visceral
what is neuropathic pain
nerve pain
caused by lesions, peripheral/cns, burning, numbness (peripheral neuropathy)
usually chronic
what is intractable pain
pain that is chronic and resistant to pain relief
should use heat, ice or massage
ex. RA or failed back surgery
what is nociplastic pain
don’t really understand it or know the cause
ex. fibromyalgia
what is phantom pain
pain without demonstrated physiologic or pathologic substance
(ex: phantom limb pain)
what is psychogenic pain
physical cause for the pain cannot be identified
pain resulting from a mental event
ex fibromyalgia
how do we assess pain
location- where (external/internal)
duration- how long, when did it start, does it come and go or is it constant
quantity- pain scale
quality- how it feels (sharp, dull, diffused, sore, throbbing, cramping, stinging, numbness, tingling
chronology- what were they doing when it started, progression of pain, any changes
aggravating factors
alleviating factors
what are some physiologic responses to pain
increased bp and pulse
skin color change
perspiration
constricted pupils
nausea
muscle tension
anxiety
what are the categories of the nonverbal pain scale
face
activity
guarding
physiology
respiratory
what are the categories of the CRIES assessment tool
crying
vitals
expression
sleeplessness
o2 saturation
what is the FLACC assessment tool intended for
children who are nonverbal
what are the categories of the PAINAD scale
breathing
negative vocalization
facial expression
body language
consolability
