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Ellie-NUR 120 > Pain pt 1 > Flashcards

Pain pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is pain objective or subjective

A

subjective

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2
Q

what is bradykinin

A

a powerful vasodilator that increases capillary
permeability and constricts smooth muscle

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3
Q

what are prostaglandins

A

important hormone-like substances that
send additional pain stimuli to the CNS

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4
Q

what is substance P

A

sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain
and also increases the rate of firing of
nerves

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5
Q

what is transduction

A

activation of pain receptors

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6
Q

what is transmission

A

conduction along pathways (A-delta and C-delta fibers)

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7
Q

what is perception of pain

A

awareness of the characteristics of pain (feeling)

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8
Q

what is modulation

A

inhibition or modification of
pain (meds)

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9
Q

what is pain threshold

A

Minimum Intensity of a Stimulus that is Perceived as Painful

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10
Q

what is adaptation

A

The body adapts to painful stimuli when introduced slowly

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11
Q

what are some modulators of pain

A

neuromodulators
endorphins
dynorphins
enkephalins

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12
Q

what are neuromodulators

A

natural Opioid compounds that reduce pain through binding opioid receptors in the CNS

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13
Q

what are 3 pain blocking chemicals that relieve pain

A

endorphins
dynorphins
enkephalins

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14
Q

what is etiology

A

cause of pain

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15
Q

what are the typical causes of acute pain

A

injury or surgery

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16
Q

what are some characteristics of acute pain

A

rapid onset
varies in intensity
warns person of damage

17
Q

what are some characteristics of chronic pain

A

Lasts beyond the normal healing period
can cause depression
usually interfere’s w/ ADL’s
can have periods of exasterbations
can be dependent on pain meds
can cause frustration or anger

18
Q

what is cutaneous pain

A

superficial (papercut)

19
Q

what is somatic pain

A

deep pain
diffused/scattered
ex. sprains, arthritis, and ligament tears

20
Q

what is visceral pain

A

originates in organ and can radiate
ex. gi infection, labor pain, appendicitis

21
Q

what is referred pain

A

occurs in area distant from original site (ex. heart attack)

22
Q

what is nociceptive pain

A

most common
aching pain
receptors respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain
usually somatic and visceral

23
Q

what is neuropathic pain

A

nerve pain
caused by lesions, peripheral/cns, burning, numbness (peripheral neuropathy)
usually chronic

24
Q

what is intractable pain

A

pain that is chronic and resistant to pain relief
should use heat, ice or massage
ex. RA or failed back surgery

25
Q

what is nociplastic pain

A

don’t really understand it or know the cause
ex. fibromyalgia

26
Q

what is phantom pain

A

pain without demonstrated physiologic or pathologic substance
(ex: phantom limb pain)

27
Q

what is psychogenic pain

A

physical cause for the pain cannot be identified
pain resulting from a mental event
ex fibromyalgia

28
Q

how do we assess pain

A

location- where (external/internal)
duration- how long, when did it start, does it come and go or is it constant
quantity- pain scale
quality- how it feels (sharp, dull, diffused, sore, throbbing, cramping, stinging, numbness, tingling
chronology- what were they doing when it started, progression of pain, any changes
aggravating factors
alleviating factors

29
Q

what are some physiologic responses to pain

A

increased bp and pulse
skin color change
perspiration
constricted pupils
nausea
muscle tension
anxiety

30
Q

what are the categories of the nonverbal pain scale

A

face
activity
guarding
physiology
respiratory

31
Q

what are the categories of the CRIES assessment tool

A

crying
vitals
expression
sleeplessness
o2 saturation

32
Q

what is the FLACC assessment tool intended for

A

children who are nonverbal

33
Q

what are the categories of the PAINAD scale

A

breathing
negative vocalization
facial expression
body language
consolability

Ellie-NUR 120 (8 decks)

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