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Ellie-NUR 120 > Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

what is elimination

A

removal, clearance or separation of matter

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2
Q

what is bowel elimination

A

removal or excretion of waste product of the intestines from the body

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3
Q

what is the gi tract responsible for

A

removal of digestive waste in the form of stool

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4
Q

what is the process of bowel elimination

A

fecal matter reaches rectum
stretch receptors initiate contraction of sigmoid colon/rectal muscles
internal anal sphincter relaxes
sensory impulse causes voluntary “bearing down”
external sphincter relaxes

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5
Q

what are some variables influencing bowel elimination

A

developmental considerations
daily patterns
food and fluid
activity and muscle tone
lifestyle
psychological variables
pathologic conditions
medications
diagnostic studies
surgery and anesthesia

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6
Q

how to promote regular defecation/daily patterns

A

provide privacy
assist w/ positioning
consider timing
food and fluid
encourage exercise
managing flatulence

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7
Q

what are some constipating foods

A

cheese
eggs
lean meats
pasta

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8
Q

what are some foods with laxative effetcs

A

greasy foods
alcohol
coffee
caffeine
chocolate
bran

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9
Q

what are some gas producing foods

A

beans
cabbage
onions

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10
Q

what does physical activity stimulate

A

peristalsis

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11
Q

what does a sedentary lifestyle cause

A

constipation

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12
Q

what is diarrhea caused by

A

food poisoning
ecoli
malabsorption

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13
Q

what is constipation caused by

A

bowel obstruction
tumors
adhesions from scar tissue
hernias

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14
Q

what is the effect of aspirin and anticoagulants on stool

A

pink to red to black stool

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15
Q

what is the effect of iron salts on stool

A

black stool
can cause constipation

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16
Q

what is the effect of bismuth subsalicylate on stool

A

used to treat diarrhea can also cause black stools

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17
Q

what is the effect of antacids on stool

A

white discoloration or speckling in stool
can cause constipation
slows peristalsis

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18
Q

what is the effect of antibiotics on stool

A

green/gray color
can cause cdiff

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19
Q

what is the effect of opioids on stool

A

can cause constipation
slows peristalsis

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20
Q

what do diagnostic studies affect in pt

A

normal patterns

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21
Q

what do surgery and anesthesia inhibit

A

peristalsis

22
Q

what is a risk after abd surgy

A

paralytic ileus

23
Q

what are some common bowel elimination problems/alterations

A

diarrhea
constipation/fecal impaction
bowel incontinence
bowel diversions

24
Q

what is a bowel diversion

A

an ostomy

25
Q

Enemas may be needed
Causes include nervous system problems, dysfunctional motility
Avoid straining

A

constipation

26
Q

Caused by infections, contaminated food, medications, or changes in diet
Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
Having loose stools often more than 3 or more in one day
Monitor for skin breakdown

A

diarrhea

27
Q

Monitor for skin breakdown
Inability to control the discharge of feces and flatulence

A

bowel incontinence

28
Q

Monitor for skin breakdown
Done for cancer, ulcerations, trauma or inadequate blood supply
Tarry stools are warning sign

A

bowel diversion

29
Q

how to manage a pt w/ diarrhea

A

teach hand hygiene
Educate about foods that cause diarrhea
Monitor stool output and color/consistency
Monitor fluid balance
Monitor electrolyte levels
Monitor skin integrity
Medications

30
Q

how to manage a pt w/ constipation

A

increase high fiber foods
Increase fluid intake
Increase activity/exercise
Provide Privacy
Allow time
Assist patient to comfortable position
Do not ignore urge
Avoid straining
enemas

31
Q

how to manage a pt w. bowel incontinence

A

Absorbent products
External fecal collection
Internal fecal collection
Bowel training
Monitor for skin breakdown

32
Q

what are some common diagnostic studies done

A

direct visualization
indirect visualization
labs

33
Q

what are some examples of direct visualization studies

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Wireless capsule endoscopy

34
Q

what are some diagnostic tests done

A

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)
Small bowel series
Barium enema
Abdominal ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
abd ct scan

35
Q

what lab studies are done

A

occult blood
stool culture

36
Q

in an occult blood study what are they looking for

A

hidden blood in stool

37
Q

in a stool culture what are they looking for

A

bacteria in stool

38
Q

what are the types of ostomies

A

Sigmoid colostomy
Descending colostomy
Transverse colostomy
Ascending colostomy
Ileostomy

39
Q

what are some characteristics of a sigmoid colostomy

A

bowel is not working
more solid
more common

40
Q

what is a characteristic of a descending colostomy

A

bowel is not working

41
Q

what are some characteristics of a transverse colostomy

A

usually temporary
crohn’s disease
cancer
can have it reverse

42
Q

what are some characteristics of an ascending colostomy

A

liquid stool
leakage

43
Q

what are some characteristics of an ileostomy

A

in small intestines
liquidy

44
Q

what color is a stoma supposed to be

A

dark pink

45
Q

if a stoma is pale pink what does that indicate

A

anemia

46
Q

if a stoma is blue what does that indicate

A

o2 difficiency

47
Q

how do you take care of an ostomy

A

Keep the patient as free of odors as possible; empty the appliance frequently.
Inspect the patient’s stoma regularly.
Note the size, which should stabilize within 6 to 8 weeks.
Keep the skin around the stoma site clean and dry.
Measure the patient’s fluid intake and output.
Explain each aspect of care to the patient and self-care role.
Encourage patient to care for and look at ostomy

48
Q

when do you empty a liquidy stoma appliance

A

when it is 1/3 full

49
Q

when do you empty a solid stoma appliance

A

when it is 1/2 full

50
Q

what is some pt teaching for colostomies

A

explain reason for bowel diversion and rationale for treatment
demonstrate self care behaviors that effectively manage the ostomy
describe follow-up care and existing support resources
report where supplies may be obtained in community
verbalize related fears and concerns
demonstrate positive body image

Ellie-NUR 120 (8 decks)

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