Urinary conditions

Question 1

Renal Calculi

• Refers to _____ stones in the urinary system
• __ – __ years
• Microscopic crystal develop in the distal tubules which a plaques lesions composed of _____ _____
• These stones are retained in the _____ where they can cause obstruction, or are passed through _____
• Confirmed through _____

Answer 1

Renal Calculi

• Refers to crystalline stones in the urinary system
• 40 – 60 years
• Microscopic crystal develop in the distal tubules which a plaques lesions composed of calcium phosphate
• These stones are retained in the kidneys where they can cause obstruction, or are passed through urine
• Confirmed through imaging

Question 2

Acute Kidney Injury

• The abrupt decrease in _____ function, both structural damage as well as loss of function
• __ years +
• Decreased _____ output
• Feeling bloated
• Accumulation of metabolic acids (_____ + _____)

-Diagnosis through:
Serum _____
Urinalysis
Imaging

Answer 2

Acute Kidney Injury

• The abrupt decrease in kidney function, both structural damage as well as loss of function
• 65 years +
• Decreased urinary output
• Feeling bloated
• Accumulation of metabolic acids (urea + creatine)

-Diagnosis through:
Serum creatine
Urinalysis
Imaging

Question 3

Acute Cystitis

• Sudden inflammation of the _____ _____
• Due to infection from _____
• Colonisation of vaginal opening by _____ that ascend via _____ up to the bladder
• Urge to urinate
• _____ when urinating
• _____ discomfort
• Low-grade _____
• Urine culture
• _____ test

Answer 3

Acute Cystitis

• Sudden inflammation of the urinary bladder
• Due to infection from E. coli
• Colonisation of vaginal opening by uropathogens that ascend via urethra up to the bladder
• Urge to urinate
• Burning when urinating
• Pelvic discomfort
• Low-grade fever
• Urine culture
• Pregnancy test

Question 4

Acute Pyelonephritis

• Caused by _____ seeding in the kidneys
• __ - __ years old
• Low-grade fever
• _____ urination
• Pain in _____ back area
• _____ culture

Answer 4

Acute Pyelonephritis

• Caused by bacteria seeding in the kidneys
• 15 - 34 years old
• Low-grade fever
• Frequent urination
• Pain in flank back area
• Urine culture

Question 5

Chronic Kidney Disease

• The _____ structural damage and loss of functions in the kidneys
• __th leading cause of death
• Renal _____ and repeat it after __ week

Answer 5

Chronic Kidney Disease

• The prolonged structural damage and loss of functions in the kidneys
• 9th leading cause of death
• Renal ultrasound and repeat it after 1 week

Question 6

Chronic Kidney Disease

• _____
• Pruritus
• _____
• _____ legs
• Haematuria
• Dyspnoea
• Lethargy
• Nausea/_____
• Malaise
• Anorexia

Answer 6

Chronic Kidney Disease

• Hypertension
• Pruritus
• Nocturia
• Restless legs
• Haematuria
• Dyspnoea
• Lethargy
• Nausea/vomiting
• Malaise
• Anorexia

Question 7

Dysmenorrhea

• Menstrual cramps cause by contractions in the _____
• These cramps are caused by the chemical ______

-Aching pain in the:
Abdomen
Hips
Lower \_\_\_\_\_
Inner \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 7

Dysmenorrhea

• Menstrual cramps cause by contractions in the uterus
• These cramps are caused by the chemical prostaglandin

-Aching pain in the:
Abdomen
Hips
Lower back
Inner thighs

Question 8

Bladder Endometriosis

• The abnormal growth of _____ that occurs on the outside _____ of the bladder
• _____ pain
• Lower back pain
• Blood, burning and frequent ______

Answer 8

Bladder Endometriosis

• The abnormal growth of tissue that occurs on the outside lining of the bladder
• Pelvic pain
• Lower back pain
• Blood, burning and frequent urination