Urinary Conditions

Question 1

AKI

Answer 1

Abrupt decrease in kidney function caused by insufficient blood supply, direct injury or blockage to the ureters. Reduced fluid volume (reduced blood supply to the kidneys) with structurally intact nephrons

Question 2

Pre-renal

Answer 2

Sudden reduction in blood flow to the kidney causing a loss of kidney function. Nothing wrong with the kidney itself

Question 3

Intra-renal

Answer 3

Direct damage to the kidneys cause a sudden loss in kidney function.

Question 4

Post-renal

Answer 4

Obstruction in the urinary tract below the kidneys causes waste to build up in the kidneys.

Question 5

Renal Calculi

Answer 5

Hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys

Question 6

Risk factors for AKI

Answer 6

Age
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic diseases (diabetes, heart/liver failure)
Blockage in the urinary tract
Sepsis
Medicines (NSAIDs, antihypertensives)
Reduced blood flow

Question 7

Symptoms of AKI

Answer 7

Fatigue
Oedema 
Dehydration
Less urination
Confusion
Nausea

Question 8

Treatment of AKI

Answer 8

Temporary hemodialysis
Supplements/medicines to control vitamins and minerals in the blood
Fluid balance

Question 9

Symptoms of kidney stones

Answer 9

Flank pain

Haematuria

Question 10

Treatment of kidney stones

Answer 10

Fluid intake
Pain management
Surgery/scope/sound waves if unable to pass naturally