GIT Conditions Flashcards
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix. A blockage in the lining of the appendix resulting in infection. Bacteria rapidly multiple causing the appendix to swell and fill with pus. If untreated can rupture.
Symptoms of appendicitis
Pain in the right lower abdomen N&V Loss of appetite Low grade fever Constipation or diarrhea Tachycardia
Treatment/nursing interventions for appendicitis
Appendectomy
Pain management
FBC
Monitor for fever/infection
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder. Often caused by gallstones blocking the tube leading out of the gallbladder, leading to a build up of bile that causes inflammation. Other causes include, bile duct problems, tumours, infection.
Risk factors for cholecystitis
Gallstones Tumour Bile duct blockage Infection Damaged blood vessels
Symptoms for cholecystitis
Pain in the right upper/centre abdomen Pain can spread to right shoulder/back Tenderness in the abdomen N&V Fever
Treatment of cholecystitis
Fasting/diet
Antibiotics
Procedure to remove stones
Cholecystectomy
Bowel obstruction
Blockage stops food and fluid from passing through the intestines.
Causes for BO
Intestinal adhesions- bands of fibrous tissue
Hernias- portions of intestine are out of place (protruding)
Colon cancer
Crohn’s disease
Symptoms for BO
Cramps/abdominal pain that is intermittent
Loss of appetite
Constipation
Vomiting
Inability to make bowel movements/pass gas
Bloating
Treatment/nursing interventions for BO
NGT
Surgery (Laparoscopic surgery/bowel resection)
Enema
Fasting/diet/fluid
Enteral feeding
Liquid nutrition processed by the GIT.
Parenteral feeding
Liquid nutrition processed y the veins. More invasive. Used for pts with GIT issues rather than feeding incapabilities
Indications for enteral feeding
Stroke Cancer Dysphagia Neurological disorders Critical injuries
Indications for parenteral feeding
Crohn's disease Cancer Short bowel syndrome Ischemic bowel disease Low blood flow to the bowels
