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Fundamentals- Cohort A-5 > Urinary & Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Urinary & Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q 
All of the following structures are component of the urinary system except:
A - kidney
B - ureter
C - gallbladder
D - Urethra
A

C - gallbaldder

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2
Q 
Where does urine formation take place?
A - kidney
B - ureter
C - bladder
D - urethra
A

Kidney

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3
Q

Which sequence correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidney?

A - ureter, urethra, bladder
B - bladder, ureter, urethra
C - ureter, bladder, urethra
D - bladder, urethra, ureter

A

C - ureter, bladder, urethra

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4
Q

The kidneys receive approximately ___% of the cardiac output under normal physiologic conditions?

A - 5 - 10 %
B - 10 - 15 %
C - 15 - 20 %
D - 20 - 25%

A

D - 20-25%

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5
Q

Normal urine production per day is ___ ml/day

A - <50
B - <400
C - 720
D - 1000 - 2000

A

D - 1000-2000

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6
Q

The urge to micturate is felt when the bladder contains approximately ___ ml of urine

A

150 - 250 ml

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7
Q

Normal residual urine volume is approximately ____ ml and should be measured within ___ minutes after voiding

A

50-75 ml

10-15 min

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8
Q

Lower UTI is called

A

cystitis

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9
Q

Upper UTI is called

A

pyelonephritis

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10
Q

where is a lower UTI located?

A

Bladder

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11
Q

Where is an upper UTI located?

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

What does blood in the urine suggest?

A

Infection

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13
Q

What do ketones in the urine suggest?

A

DM

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14
Q

What does glucose in the urine suggest?

A

DM

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15
Q

WBC’s in the urine indicate what?

A

infection

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16
Q

Neutrophils in the urine suggest what kind of infection?

A

Acute

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17
Q

Lymphocytes in the urine suggest what kind of infection?

A

Chronic or viral

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18
Q

Increased sodium in the urine means the patient is what?

A

dehyradated

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19
Q

What is the number one cause for UTI’s in the hospital?

A

CAUTI

20
Q

When assessing a patient urinary tract, what does the impediment of dye flow mean?

A

Alerts to potential obstruction, blockage, or tumor

21
Q

What are the 4 types of catheters?

A

Simple catheter
Coude tip catheter (type of indwelling)
Indwelling catheter
3-way indwelling catheter

22
Q

What type of catheter is used for BPH?

A

coude tip catheter

23
Q

Types of incontinence (5)

A
  • Functional
  • Overflow
  • Stress
  • Urge
  • Reflex
24
Q

Urinary Incontinence caused by a disease outside of the urinary system

A

Functional

25
Q

Type of urinary incontinence caused by urinary retention

A

Overflow

26
Q

Type of urinary incontinence cause by sneezing, laughing, or lifting

A

Stress

27
Q

type of urinary incontinence where no urge is felt but urine is released

A

Reflex

28
Q

How can a patient work on improving stress incontinence?

A

Kegel exercises

29
Q

How is overflow and reflex incontinence treated?

A

Intermittent catheter

30
Q

How is urge or overactive incontinence treated?

A 
parasympathetic agent (holds urine in bladder)
decrease coffee intake
31
Q

The patient asks the nurse why a KUB (kidney ureter bladder) is important. What response by the nurse is best?

A

A KUB assesses the gross structure of the urinary tract for abnormalities

32
Q

A patient is admitted with lower UTI symptoms. This condition is most often manifested by which symptoms?

A

Dysuria

33
Q

Pyelonephritis is indicative of what type of UTI?

A

Upper UTI

34
Q

Flank pain indicates what type of UTI?

A

Upper UTI

35
Q

Chills are a symptom of what type of UTI?

A

Upper UTI

36
Q

The patient has a UTI. Which long-term goal is most important for this patient?

A

The patient will ingest at least 2,000 ml of fluid per day in 4 weeks time

37
Q

Which sequence lists the region of the large intestine in order from the end of the ileum to the anus?

A - cecum, rectum, anal canal, colon
B - colon, rectum, anal canal, cecum
C - cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
D - colon, cecum, rectum, anal canal

A

C - cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

38
Q

Arrange the segments of the colon in the sequence through which digested material passes prior to defecation: 1) sigmoid, 2) transverse, 3) descending, 4) ascending

A - 1, 2, 4, 3
B - 4, 3, 1, 2
C - 3, 4, 2, 1
D - 4, 2, 3, 1

A

D - 4, 2, 3, 1

39
Q

What is the function of the colon? Select all that apply.

A - defecation
B - secretion of potassium
C - absorption of water and salt
D - Secretion of bicarb

A

All of the above DUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHh

40
Q

Nurse/Physician Interventions for Constipation

A
  • Laxatives
  • Increase fiber
  • Enema (if necessary)
  • Increase fluid intake
  • Exercise regularly
  • Establish a regular time to defecate (because that’s not weird)
41
Q

Nurse/Physician Interventions of Fecal Impaction

A
  • Laxatives / Enema

- Digital removal of stool

42
Q

Interventions for Diarrhea

A

Antidiarrheal agents
Flagyl, vancomycin, or dificid for C-diff
Oral glucose and electrolytes
Endoscopy or colonoscopy

43
Q

Interventions for Flatulence

A

Decrease use of straw

Diet changes

44
Q

When monitoring a patient’s bowel elimination, which symptoms provide the nurse with the earliest indication of constipation?

A

Sausage-shaped, lumpy stool

45
Q

To teach a patient about how to promote normal defecation, it is MOST important for the nurse to include which instruction?

A

Assume a squatting position during defecation

46
Q

The following finding is documented: “stool is black, hard, and lumpy.” What intervention is best for the nurse to implement?

A

Encourage the patient to drink 1 glass of water every hour while awake

Fundamentals- Cohort A-5 (6 decks)

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