Activity

Question 1

what is contracture?

Answer 1

it is the shortening of muscles and/or permanently contracted muscles

Question 2

what are ergonomic devices?

Answer 2

they’re made specifically to prevent injuries

Question 3

what is flaccidity?

Answer 3

it is the decrease in muscle tone

Question 4

define atrophy

Answer 4

wasting of the muscles

Question 5

describe foot drop

Answer 5

it is when the muscle is pulled downwards on the foot causing it to point down

Question 6

what is pareisis?

Answer 6

impaired muscle strength or weakness

Question 7

what is tonies?

Answer 7

it is the partial state of steady muscle contraction

Question 8

name the 3 types of joints and their level of mobility

Answer 8

fibrous- immobile
cartilaginous - slightly moveable
synovial- freely moveable

Question 9

name the 3 freely moveable joint types

Answer 9

ball and socket
hinge
pivot

Question 10

name the different types of movement

Answer 10

dorsiflexion
pronation
supination
adduction 
abduction
circumduction
flexion
extension
plantar flexion

Question 11

what are the functions of muscular system?

Answer 11

movement
heat
support
maintenance of support

Question 12

what are the 3 types of muscles

Answer 12

smooth
skeletal
cardiac

Question 13

describe how postural reflex works

Answer 13

bodies way of equilibrium to maintain a posture to prevent falling

falling forward and you move to catch yourself

Question 14

what does labyrinthine sense effect? and what does it do?

Answer 14

inner ear stimulation

posture via movement in head

Question 15

define: proprioception & kinesthesia senses

Answer 15

P: unconscious awareness of body parts in space - joint positioning

K: aware of joint movement in order to walk

Question 16

describe visual/optic awareness

Answer 16

spatial relationship to the surrounding environment via visual information

Question 17

what are extensor/stretch reflexes?

Answer 17

when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture

knees mostly when they buckle

Question 18

name 3 types of exercise

Answer 18

isometric - muscle contraction w/o shortening (planking)

isokinetic - muscle contraction with resistance (bike/weight lifting)

isotonic - length of muscle changes (extends then flexes/yoga)

Question 19

what are exercise effects on heart?

Answer 19

reduces the heart rate and BP

increases blood flow and oxygenation

improved venous return

Question 20

what are immobility effects on heart?

Answer 20

decreased efficiency

cardiac workload will increase

increase in venous thrombosis

Question 21

what are exercise effects on the respiratory system?

Answer 21

increase respiration depth & rate

increase CO2 excretion: faster breathing

decreased work of breathing

Question 22

what are the effects of immobility on the GI

Answer 22

altered appetite
altered digestion
altered metabolism

Question 23

what are the effects of immobility on GU?

Answer 23

urinary stasis

decrease bladder tone

Question 24

what are the effects of immobility on muscles?

Answer 24

decreased muscle size
decreased joint mobility
decreased endurance/stability

Question 25

name 6 protective positions

Answer 25

``` supine fowlers high fowlers side lying/lateral sims prone ```

Question 25

name 6 protective positions

Answer 25

``` supine fowlers high fowlers side lying/lateral sims prone ```

Question 26

what are the roles of the skeletal system in movement?

Answer 26

supports soft tissues (forearms and posture) protects crucial components of the body (brain, lungs, heart, spinal card) provides surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons and ligaments storage for minerals (calcium) production of WBC

Question 27

how are nerve impulse's conveyed through the CNS?

Answer 27

afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS information is processed by CNS leading to response efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles via somatic nervous system

Question 28

what are the different types of equipment and assistive devices available for mobility?

Answer 28

``` gait belts stand-assist and repositioning aids lateral-assist devices friction-reducing sheets mechanical lateral-assist devices transfer chairs powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts powered full-body lifts ```

Question 29

what are the components of physical assessment related to mobility?

Answer 29

``` general ease of movement and gait alignment joint structure and function muscle mass, tone, and strength endurance good skin integrity adequate venous return free of signs of contractures ```

Question 30

what are some involuntary movements?

Answer 30

``` tremors tics chorea athetosis dystonia fasciculations or muscle twitch myoclonus oral-facial dyskinesias ```