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Fundamentals- Cohort A-5 > Activity > Flashcards

Activity Flashcards

1
Q

what is contracture?

A

it is the shortening of muscles and/or permanently contracted muscles

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2
Q

what are ergonomic devices?

A

they’re made specifically to prevent injuries

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3
Q

what is flaccidity?

A

it is the decrease in muscle tone

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4
Q

define atrophy

A

wasting of the muscles

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5
Q

describe foot drop

A

it is when the muscle is pulled downwards on the foot causing it to point down

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6
Q

what is pareisis?

A

impaired muscle strength or weakness

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7
Q

what is tonies?

A

it is the partial state of steady muscle contraction

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8
Q

name the 3 types of joints and their level of mobility

A

fibrous- immobile
cartilaginous - slightly moveable
synovial- freely moveable

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9
Q

name the 3 freely moveable joint types

A

ball and socket
hinge
pivot

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10
Q

name the different types of movement

A 
dorsiflexion
pronation
supination
adduction 
abduction
circumduction
flexion
extension
plantar flexion
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11
Q

what are the functions of muscular system?

A

movement
heat
support
maintenance of support

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles

A

smooth
skeletal
cardiac

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13
Q

describe how postural reflex works

A

bodies way of equilibrium to maintain a posture to prevent falling

falling forward and you move to catch yourself

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14
Q

what does labyrinthine sense effect? and what does it do?

A

inner ear stimulation

posture via movement in head

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15
Q

define: proprioception & kinesthesia senses

A

P: unconscious awareness of body parts in space - joint positioning

K: aware of joint movement in order to walk

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16
Q

describe visual/optic awareness

A

spatial relationship to the surrounding environment via visual information

17
Q

what are extensor/stretch reflexes?

A

when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture

knees mostly when they buckle

18
Q

name 3 types of exercise

A

isometric - muscle contraction w/o shortening (planking)

isokinetic - muscle contraction with resistance (bike/weight lifting)

isotonic - length of muscle changes (extends then flexes/yoga)

19
Q

what are exercise effects on heart?

A

reduces the heart rate and BP

increases blood flow and oxygenation

improved venous return

20
Q

what are immobility effects on heart?

A

decreased efficiency

cardiac workload will increase

increase in venous thrombosis

21
Q

what are exercise effects on the respiratory system?

A

increase respiration depth & rate

increase CO2 excretion: faster breathing

decreased work of breathing

22
Q

what are the effects of immobility on the GI

A

altered appetite
altered digestion
altered metabolism

23
Q

what are the effects of immobility on GU?

A

urinary stasis

decrease bladder tone

24
Q

what are the effects of immobility on muscles?

A

decreased muscle size
decreased joint mobility
decreased endurance/stability

25
Q

name 6 protective positions

A 
supine
fowlers
high fowlers
side lying/lateral
sims
prone
25
Q

name 6 protective positions

A 
supine
fowlers
high fowlers
side lying/lateral
sims
prone
26
Q

what are the roles of the skeletal system in movement?

A

supports soft tissues (forearms and posture)
protects crucial components of the body (brain, lungs, heart, spinal card)
provides surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons and ligaments
storage for minerals (calcium)
production of WBC

27
Q

how are nerve impulse’s conveyed through the CNS?

A

afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS

information is processed by CNS leading to response

efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles via somatic nervous system

28
Q

what are the different types of equipment and assistive devices available for mobility?

A 
gait belts
stand-assist and repositioning aids
lateral-assist devices
friction-reducing sheets
mechanical lateral-assist devices
transfer chairs
powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts
powered full-body lifts
29
Q

what are the components of physical assessment related to mobility?

A 
general ease of movement and gait
alignment
joint structure and function
muscle mass, tone, and strength
endurance
good skin integrity
adequate venous return
free of signs of contractures
30
Q

what are some involuntary movements?

A 
tremors
tics
chorea
athetosis
dystonia
fasciculations or muscle twitch
myoclonus
oral-facial dyskinesias

Fundamentals- Cohort A-5 (6 decks)

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