Hypertension Flashcards
Clinical HTN /Hypertension Stage 2 is classified at what BP?
= or >140 systolic or = or >90 diastolic
What are the two classifications of HTN? And what are the differences?
Primary (unknown) and secondary (disease associated with HTN: kidney disease, Cushing’s syndrome)
What chemical is released from the endothelium that causes vasodilation?
Nitric Oxide
Name some negative physiological effects of HTN?
Cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, vascular dysfunction, renal damage, stroke, dementia, hemorrhage, Alzheimer’s
What age group?
Elevated systolic BP in isolation (diastolic is not effected)
Older adults
What happens to blood vessels in older age?
Decreased elasticity
Mono-therapy for BP control helps older adults how?
Finances (psychosocial), aids in drug compliance, drug interactions
____ + ____ = BP
CO + PVR
____ + _____ = CO
SV + HR (1 minute)
Would an increase in HR increase or decrease BP?
Increase
Definition: loss of volume
Hypovolemia
What system is activated when there is hypovolemia or high BP?
RAAS
Results of activating RAAS….
^ ADH, ^ Aldosterone (^Na+ retention), ^ vasoconstriction, ^ Na+ retention
H2O follows Na+
Risk Factors for HTN?
^ stress, high salt diet, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, low K+ diet, men, African-American, too much alcohol, sleep apnea, smoking, DNA family history
Non-modifiable HTN risk factors?
Men, African American, DNA family history
Modifiable HTN risk factors?
stress, high Na+ diet, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet habits, low K+ diet, too much alcohol, smoking
What macromolecule can be present in urine in a pt. with HTN?
Protein
What 2 labs are tested to check renal function?
BUN & Creatinine
What does a high blood creatinine level indicate?
kidneys are not getting rid of waste products
What does a high BUN indicate?
Problems with kidneys
What macromolecule is toxic to the nephrons?
What does this contribute to?
Protein
Chronic kidney disease
What diagnostic/lab tests should be included in a patient with HTN?
Lipid profile, EKG, Echocardiogram
What kind and amounts of foods are in the DASH diet for HTN?
8-10 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
Less than 1 1/4 tsp of salt per day
What green leafy vegetable is #1 for someone with HTN?
high in nitric oxide
Arugula
