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Urinary > urinary bladder > Flashcards

urinary bladder Flashcards

1
Q

where is the bladder situated? which system does it belong to?

A

The bladder is an organ of the urinary system, situated anteriorly in the pelvic cavity

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2
Q

how is the urinary bladder like?

A

It is hollow, highly distensible, and rounded in shape

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3
Q

what is the main function of the bladder?

A

the collection, temporary storage, and expulsion of urine

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4
Q

how does the structure of the bladder help its function

A

It has a unique muscular structure, and a complex neurological control

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5
Q

Embryologically, where is the bladder is derived from?

A

the hindgut

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6
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the bladder?

A

Temporary store of urine

Assists in the expulsion of urine

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7
Q

how does the bladder temporarily store urine?

A

The bladder is a hollow organ. The walls are very distensible, with a folded internal lining (known as rugae), this allows it to hold up to 600ml

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8
Q

how does the bladder assist in the expulsion of urine?

A

During voiding, the musculature of the bladder contracts, and the sphincters relax

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9
Q

how does the morphological appearance of the bladder vary?

A

varies with filling. When full, it exhibits an oval shape, and when empty it is flattened by the overlying intestines.

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10
Q

what are the important external features of the bladder?

A

apex, body, fundus and neck

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11
Q

describe the location of the apex of the bladder

A

This is located superiorly, pointing towards the pubic symphysis.

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12
Q

what is the apex of the bladder connected to and via what?

A

It is connected to the umbilicus by the median umbilical ligament

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13
Q

what is the umbilical ligament?

A

a remnant of the urachus

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14
Q

what is the body of the bladder? where is it located?

A

The main part of the bladder, located between the apex and the fundus

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15
Q

what is the fundus (base) of the bladder? where is it located?

A

Located posteriorly. It is triangular-shaped, with the tip of the triangle pointing backwards

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16
Q

how is the neck of the bladder formed?

A

Formed by the convergence of the fundus and the two inferolateral surfaces

17
Q

what does the neck of the bladder join?

A

joins the bladder to the urethra

18
Q

how does urine enter the bladder?

A

by the left and right ureters

19
Q

how does urine exit the bladder?

A

via the urethra

20
Q

internally, what are the orifices of the bladder marked by?

A

the trigone – a triangular area located within the fundus

21
Q

what is the trigone?

A

a triangular area located within the fundus

22
Q

how is the trigone like in contrast to the rest of the internal bladder?

A

the trigone has smooth walls

23
Q

what are the 2 sphincters controlling the outflow of urine?

A

the internal and external urethral sphincters

24
Q

which gender is the urethral sphincter present in?

A

male

25
Q

which structures play a key role in the function of the bladder?

A

The musculature of the bladder, and coordination of its action

26
Q

In order to contract during micturition, what does the bladder have to carry out this function?

A

the bladder wall contains specialised smooth muscle

27
Q

what are the specialised smooth muscles called which contract during micturition?

A

detrusor muscle

28
Q

how are the fibres of the detrusor muscle orientated? what does this ensure?

A

Its fibres are orientated in three directions, thus retaining structural integrity when stretched

29
Q

what does the detrusor muscle receives its innervation from?

A

from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

30
Q

what happens to the detrusor muscle during micturition?

A

it contracts

31
Q

what are the two other muscular sphincters located in the urethral orifices?

A

internal and external urethral sphincter

32
Q

which gender is the internal urethral sphincter located in?

A

The internal urethral sphincter is located in males only

33
Q

what does the internal urethral sphincter consist of?

A

circular smooth fibres

34
Q

which control is the circular smooth fibres of internal urethral sphincter located under?

A

autonomic control

35
Q

what is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

prevent seminal regurgitation during ejaculation

36
Q

which gender is the external urethral sphincter present in?

A

The external urethral sphincter is present in both sexes

37
Q

which control is the external urethral sphincter under?

A

voluntary

38
Q

what is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

During micturition, it relaxes to allow urine flow

39
Q

what type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter?

A

skeletal

Urinary (13 decks)

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