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Urinary > The pelvic floor > Flashcards

The pelvic floor Flashcards

1
Q

what resides within the pelvic cavity?

A

The pelvic viscera, (bladder, rectum, pelvic genital organs and terminal part of the urethra)

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2
Q

what is the pelvic cavity also known as?

A

true pelvis

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3
Q

where is the pelvic cavity located within?

A

within the lesser part of the pelvis, beneath the pelvic brim

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4
Q

which muscles help make up the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

the obterator internus and the pirformis muscle

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5
Q

which muscle helps make up the posterior walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

piriformis

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6
Q

what is the pelvic floor also known as?

A

the pelvic diaphragm

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7
Q

what is the pelvic floor?

A

a funnel-shaped musculature structure

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8
Q

what does the pelvic floor attach to?

A

walls of the lesser pelvis

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9
Q

what does the pelvic floor separate?

A

the pelvic cavity from the inferior perineum

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10
Q

what does the inferior perineum contain?

A

genitalia and anus

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11
Q

what are the gaps within the pelvic floor and what is their purpose?

A

In order to allow for urination and defecation:
urogenital hiatus
rectal hiatus

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12
Q

what is the urogenital hiatus and where is it?

A

An anteriorly situated gap, which allows passage of the urethra (and the vagina in females)

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13
Q

where is the rectal hiatus and what is it’s function?

A

A centrally positioned gap, which allows passage of the anal canal

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14
Q

what lies between the urogenital hiatus and the anal canal?

A

a fibrous node known as the perineal body

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15
Q

what does the perineal body join?

A

the pelvic floor to the perineum

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16
Q

what are the roles of the muscles in the pelvic floor?

A

Support of abdominopelvic viscera through their tonic contraction
Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure
Urinary and fecal continence

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17
Q

what are examples of abdominopelvic viscera organs?

A

bladder, intestines, uterus etc.

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18
Q

when would there be increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure?

A

during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects.

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19
Q

what is the role of the pelvic floor in Urinary and fecal continence?

A

The muscle fibers have a sphincter action on the rectum and urethra. They relax to allow urination and defecation

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20
Q

how many components are there to the pelvic floor and what are they?

A

Levator ani muscles (largest component)
Coccygeus muscle
Fascia coverings of the muscles

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21
Q

what is the levator ani muscle innervated by?

A

Innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve

22
Q

what are the roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2, S3, S4

23
Q

what shape is the levator ani?

A

a broad sheet of muscle

24
Q

what is the levator ani composed of?

A

three separate paired muscles, called the pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus

25
Q

what is the anterior attachment of the levator ani to the pelvis?

A

The pubic bodies of the hip bone

26
Q

what is the lateral attachment of the levator ani to the pelvis?

A

Thickened fascia of the obturator internus muscle, known as the tendinous arch

27
Q

what is the posterior attachment of the levator ani to the pelvis?

A

The ischial spines of the hip bone

28
Q

what is the puborectalis?

A

The puborectalis muscle is a U-shaped sling

29
Q

where does the extend from?

A

extending from the bodies of the pubic bones, past the urogenital hiatus, around the anal canal

30
Q

what type of contraction does the puborectalis carry out?

A

tonic contraction

31
Q

what happens during the tonic contraction of the puborectalis? what is created?

A

Its tonic contraction bends the canal anteriorly, creating the anorectal angle

32
Q

where does the anorectal angle occur?

A

anorectal junction

33
Q

what is the anorectal junction?

A

where the rectum meets the anus

34
Q

what is the angle of the anorectal angle?

A

90 degrees

35
Q

what is the main function of the puborectalis?

A

The main function of this thick muscle is to maintain faecal continence

36
Q

what happens during defecation?

A

the puborectalis relaxes

37
Q

what is the function of the pubococcygeus?

A

The muscle fibres of the pubococcygeus are the main constituent of the levator ani

38
Q

where does the pubococcygeus arise from?

A

arise from the body of the pubic bone and the anterior aspect of the tendinous arch

39
Q

what do the fibres of the pubococcygeus travel?

A

travel around the margin of the urogenital hiatus and run posteriomedially

40
Q

what do the pubococcygeus fibres attach to once it runs posteriomedially?

A

the coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

41
Q

where do the fibres of the pubococcygeus run?

A

As the fibres run inferiorly and medially

42
Q

as the fibres of the pubococcygeus run inferiorly and medially, what does this mean happens to some fibres in males?

A

some fibres divide and loop around the prostate in males (levator prostatae)

43
Q

as the fibres of the pubococcygeus run inferiorly and medially, what does this mean happens to some fibres in females?

A

some fibres divide and loop around the vagina in females (pubovaginalis). Some also terminate in the perineal body

44
Q

what happens to the fibres of pubococcygeus which do not loop around the prostate or the vagina?

A

terminate in the perineal body

45
Q

what type of muscle fibres does the iliococcygeus have?

A

The iliococcygeus has thin muscle fibres

46
Q

where does the iliococcygeus begin?

A

start anteriorly at the ischial spines and posterior aspect of the tendinous arch

47
Q

where does the iliococcygeus attach?

A

attach posteriorly to the coccyx and the anococcygeal ligament

48
Q

what is the coccygeus innervated by?

A

Innervated by the anterior rami of S4 and S5

49
Q

what is the coccygeus?

A

the smaller, and most posterior, pelvic floor component

50
Q

what is situated anterior to the coccygeus?

A

The levator ani muscles situated anteriorly

51
Q

where does the coccygeus originate from?

A

the ischial spines

52
Q

where does the coccygeus travel to?

A

the lateral aspect of the sacrum and coccyx, along the sacrospinous ligament

Urinary (13 decks)

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