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Urinary > Urethra > Flashcards

Urethra Flashcards

1
Q

what is the urethra? (function)

A

the vessel responsible for transporting urine from the bladder to an external opening in the perineum

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2
Q

what is the urethra lined by?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

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3
Q

what is the stratified columnar epithelium protected from?

A

the corrosive urine by mucus secreting glands

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4
Q

is the male and female urethra the same?

A

NO

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5
Q

approximately how long is the male urethra?

A

15-20cm long

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6
Q

what is the male urethra’s function?

A

In addition to urine, the male urethra provides an exit for semen

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7
Q

what is semen?

A

a fluid containing spermatozoa and sex gland secretions

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8
Q

how can the urethra be divided anatomically?

A 
4 sections:
Pre-prostatic (intramural)
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
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9
Q

where does the pre-prostatic (intramural) section begin?

A

Begins at the internal urethral orifice

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10
Q

where is the internal urethral orifice located?

A

at the neck of the bladder

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11
Q

what does the pre-prostatic (intramural) section pass through?

A

wall of the bladder

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12
Q

where does the pre-prostatic (intramural) section end?

A

at the prostate

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13
Q

where does the prostatic part of the urethra pass through?

A

the prostate gland

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14
Q

what drains into the urethra at the prostatic part?

A

The ejaculatory ducts and the prostatic ducts

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15
Q

what do the ejaculatory ducts contain?

A

containing spermatozoa from the testes, and seminal fluid from the seminal vesicle glands

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16
Q

what does the membranous part of the urethra pass through?

A

the pelvic floor, and the deep perineal pouch

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17
Q

what is the membranous part of the urethra surrounded by?

A

the external urethral sphincter

18
Q

what does the external urethral sphincter provide?

A

voluntary control of micturition

19
Q

what does the spongy portion of the urethra pass through?

A

the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis

20
Q

where does the spongy portion of the urethra end at?

A

the external urethral orifice

21
Q

where does the urethra dilate?

A

in the glans penis

22
Q

what does the dilation of the urethra at the glans penis form>

A

the navicular fossa

23
Q

what empties into the proximal urethra?

A

The bulbourethral glands

24
Q

what is urinary catheterisation?

A

the process of inserting a tube through the urethra and into the bladder

25
Q

when is urinary catheterisation used?

A

in situations where urine output needs to be monitored, or when the patient is unable to pass urine

26
Q

what needs to be considered in male catheterisation?

A

there are two angles to consider – the infrapubic and prepubic angles

27
Q

how can the prepubic angle be removed?

A

by holding the penis upwards during urinary catheterisation

28
Q

what is also important to consider in the male urethra during catheterisation?

A

the three constrictions in the male urethra:
the internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter
external urethral orifice

29
Q

how long is the urethra in females?

A

the urethra is relatively short (approximately 4cm)

30
Q

what does the length of the urethra in women predispose them to?

A

urinary tract infections

31
Q

where does the urethra begin at?

A

the neck of the bladder

32
Q

where does the urethra pass?

A

passes inferiorly through the perineal membrane and muscular pelvic floor

33
Q

where does the urethra open directly onto? what is it known as?

A

opens directly onto the perineum, in an area between the labia minora, known as the vestibule

34
Q

where is the urethral orifice located within the vestibule?

A

the urethral orifice is located anteriorly to the vaginal opening, and 2-3cm posteriorly to the clitoris

35
Q

what is the distal end of the urethra marked by?

A

the presence of two mucous glands that lie either side of the urethra

36
Q

what are the mucous glands that lie either side of the distal end of the urethra like?

A

These glands are homologous to the male prostate

37
Q

how does UTI manifest in females?

A

as cystitis, an infection of the bladder

38
Q

what are common symptoms of the cystitis?

A

dysuria (pain upon urination), frequency, urgency, and haematuria (blood in the urine)

39
Q

what can be taken to test for the UTI?

A

mid stream urine sample

40
Q

what is the mid stream urine sample tested for?

A

the presence of nitrites and leukocytes (both of which indicate infection)

41
Q

what are urinary tract infections are treated with?

A

a three day course of antibiotics

Urinary (13 decks)

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