Urinary and Digestive Stude Guide Flashcards
functions of urinary system
- Water concentration in blood
- Blood pH stabilization
- Maintain ions
- Hormone Secretion
kidney location and function
Location: retroperitoneal
Function: Blood is filtered and toxins are removed
cortex of kidney location and function
Location: outer layer of kidney
Function: contains Bowman’s capsule & collecting
duct
medulla (location rhymes)
Location: middle of kidney MEDULLA MIDDLE
Function: contains renal pyramids
renal pyramids
Location: within medulla
Function: secretion
pelvis
Location: middle of kidney
Function: collect urine from major calyce
major calyx
Location: pelvis of kidney collection of minor
calyces
Function: receives urine from minor calyces
minor
Location: tube at end of pyramids
Functions: receive urine from papillae of pyramids
capsule
Location: surrounding kidney
Functions: protection
ureters
Location: out of pelvis of kidney
Function: leads from each kidney to the urinary bladder
Urethra
Location: below pubic bone & after bladder
Function: Connects the urinary bladder to the outside world
proximal convoluted
tubule function
Function: reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water
Distal convoluted tubule
Function: secretion
collecting duct
Function: fine tuning of K & H & regulate blood levels
cystitis vs cystocele
frequency of urination, pain, pyuria, bladder inflammation vs. bladder out vagina
Nephron function
site of blood filtration and urine production
Bowman’s Capsule function
Bowman’s capsule also has a structural function and creates a urinary space through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to the proximal convoluted tubule.
Stomach Function
food churn (peristalsis), HCl to break down food, pepsinogen,
mucous/alkaline lining
large intestine function
(colon) – remove water & compact indigestible materials - * parts –
cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
liver function
synthesize plasma proteins, store glycogen & iron, bile, detoxify blood
pancreas function
secretin (sodium bicarbonate), insulin hormone to regulate blood sugar
jaundice symptoms, causes, and pain location
Symptoms: yellow skin & sclera, itching Cause: caused by issue w/ liver, gallbladder, or pancreas
Pain: None
appendicitis symptoms, causes, and pain location
Symptoms: fever, vomiting,
diarrhea or constipation.
loss of appetite.
Cause: caused by infection in digestive tract or stool blocking opening inside appendix
Pain: pain starts around navel toward lower R quadrant
peritonitis symptoms, causes, and pain location
Symptoms: bloating, nausea, or vomiting, chills, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal guarding or fluid in the abdomen
Cause: inflamed peritoneum caused by burst appendix
Pain: severe belly pain, nausea, fever
gallstones symptoms, causes, and pain location
Symptoms: Intense abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and potentially serious complications
Cause: caused by high cholesterol
or bilirubin from liver/ when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, the digestive enzymes in the liver
Pain: epigastric, low back, right shoulder/blades pain
diverticulitis symptoms, causes, and pain location
Symptoms nausea, vomiting, fever, caused by pouches or sacs
Cause: form in intestinal lining becoming inflamed
Pain: lower left quadrant pain
heartburn symptoms, causes, and pain location
Sympotims: Symptoms: Pain in the chest
Cause: pyloric sphincter into esophagus = acid reflux caused by overweight, pregnancy, stress, anxiety, smoking, hormones, acidic or spicy foods/ Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus
Pain: sharp, burning pain by breastbone or ribs – caused by stomach acid from
Two types of digestion
Mechanical
Chemical
Pairs of salivary glands
3 pairs of salivary glands
3 parts of small intestines and which part connects to the cecum
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (connects to cecum)
Order of Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum
Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum
peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward
INTERNAL urethral sphincter and INTERNAL anal sphincter
Voluntary or Involuntary?
Involuntary
EXTERNAL urethral sphincters and EXTERNAL anal sphincter
Voluntary or Involuntary?
Voluntary
