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Human Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcolemma and plasma membrane

A

Sarcolemma- cell membrane

Plasma membrane- The sarcolemma

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2
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional unit of muscle fibers

Made of actin and myosin

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3
Q

Actin vs Myosin structure an activity in muscle

A

Actin

Thin Filament (Act=Actor=thimottee chaleme= thin)

Actin contains myosin binding sites covered by regulatory proteins (green) until calcium ions are present.

Myosin

Thin Filament

Myosin molecules (purple) have a club-shaped (Mickey mouse club house) head that will extend toward and bind to actin (gray).

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4
Q

Largest to smallest structures of skeletal muscle (5 structures)

A

Fascicle (FATTEST)
muscle fiber (MUSCLESSS)
myofibril (MYO=mayo will make u kinda big)
sarcomere,
myofilament (film= flimsey= weak = smol)

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5
Q

4 Functions of the muscular system

A
  1. movement of the body
  2. maintaining posture and body position
  3. Generating heat
  4. Moving substances
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6
Q

Calcium function during skeletal muscle contraction

A

Will expose the myosin binding site on Actin

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7
Q
  1. Mechanical force of contraction and actin filaments
A

Actin is sliding past the myosin

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8
Q
  1. Skeletal muscles cell and neurotransmitter junction structures
A

The end of each motor neuron branches into axon terminals (1).

Each axon terminal forms a junction with the sarcolemma (2) of a muscle cell.

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle cell, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium

A

Calcium is storedin the sarcopasmic retiuclum

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10
Q

Striations and myrofilaments

A

Striations are caused by the arrangement of micro filaments

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11
Q

Acetylcholine and Skeletal muscles

A

Release when a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal

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12
Q

Acetylcholine, action potential, sodium

A

ACh causes temporary permeability to sodium to trigger skeletal muscle action potential

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle twitch vs tetany

A

Twitch- brief and jerky

Tetany- prolonged contraction

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14
Q

Creatine Phosphate, energy storage, ATP

A

ATP - Provides energy for muscle contraction

Generated in 3 ways:

Breakdown of creatine phosphate

Aerobic cellular respiration

Anaerobic glycolysis

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15
Q

Isotonic vs. Isometric contraction w/examples

A

Isotonic- Isotonic contractions occur when the muscle shortens, and movement occurs

Examples: bicep curls, push-ups, pull-ups

Isometric- Isometric contractions occur when the muscles do not shorten; no movement occurs

Examples: Plank, Squats, Wall sits

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle fatigue & ATP

A

Muscle fatigue is due to lack of ATP from consumption

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17
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis and Muscles

A

Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP

If the oxygen supply is depleted, the cells will utilize anaerobic glycolysis to produce a small amount of ATP. The byproduct of this process is lactic acid which leads to muscle soreness.

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

Produces the opposite effect on the same bones (opposite of agonist)

19
Q

I band

A

band of sacromere with only actin filaments

20
Q

A band

A

Band with both actin and myosin

21
Q

Z discs and actin

A

Z dics allow for the attachement of the thin (actin) filiments, as well as an elastic protein.

22
Q

H zone

A

Just myosin

23
Q

Ions that signal “go” for muscle contraction

24
Q

Where is Acetylcholine released?

A

By the motor end plates into the synaptic cleft

25
Q

Aerobic respiration requirement

A

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) to create ATP

26
Q

Extension

A

Extension- Increase angle of joint

27
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation- move bones around longitudinal axis

28
Q

Pronation

A

Pronation- when forearm rotation so palm faces posteriorly

29
Q

Flexion

A

Flexion- decrease angle of joint

30
Q

Abduction (aliens take you away)

A

Abduction – Move limb away from midline

31
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium ions needed for contraction

32
Q

Frontalis (Muscle Action)

A

Raises eyebrows

33
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Closes moth and protrudes lips

34
Q

Masseter

A

Closes jaw and elevates mandible

35
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Flexes the neck, rotates the head

36
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Adducts and flexes the humerus

37
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Draws scapula down

38
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

Flexes vertebral columb and compresses abdominal contents

39
Q

External Oblique

A

Rotate trunk and bend it laterally

40
Q

Deltoid

A

Arm abduction

41
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Supinates forearm, flexes elbow

42
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Elbow extension

43
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Knee, internal and external rotation and hip extension

44
Q

Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction steps

A

Nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal
Acetylcholine (Ach) is released into synapse
ACh crosses synapse & binds to receptors on sarcolemma
ACh causes change in membrane permeability; Action potential is generated
Calcium ions are released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca2+ binds to regulatory proteins on actin, exposing binding sites for myosin
Myosin heads bind to actin forming crossbridges
Actin filaments are pulled toward center of the sarcomere
The sarcomere shortens and the muscle contracts

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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