Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Hematocrit (more like hematoSPLIT)
The ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume is the hematocrit.
Characteristics of whole blood
Red (hemoglobin),
clot,
104 fahrenheit
Ph 7.4
Organelles in Erythrocytes andLeukocytes
Erythrocytes - NO nucleus
Leukocytes - nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, golgi body
Blood components that assist with immune function
Lymphocytes and Leukocytes (white blood cells)
When do you see an increase in each of the following Leukocytes
Esinophilis
Neutrophilis
Basophilis
Thrombocytes
When do you see an increase in each of the following Leukocytes
Esinophilis -Parasite, allergy, cancer
Neutrophilis -Bacterial infection
Basophilis -Infection, Leukemia, auto immune disorder
Thrombocytes -Infection, cancer, auto immune diorder
Hemostasis
Stopping the blood flow with platelets or thrombocytes
Pulmonary Circuit blood returning to the heat enters which part of the heart?
Left Atrium
Systemic Circuit blood returning to the heart enters which part of the heart?
Right Atrium
Visceral pericardium (peri=pearl=fancy box= case)
covers exterior surface of heart, also called the epicardium
Layers of the heart
Layers of the heart
1.Epicardium or visceral pericardium (EPI=Epic start)
2.Myocardium – thick muscular layer
3.Endocardium lines heart chambers (the end Minecraft)
Platelet storage location in the case of hemorrhage
Spleen
Coronary thrombosis
A blood clot that forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery.
Coronary spasm
Tightening of artery walls
Myocardial Infraction
A heart attack occurs when blood flow is blocked to an area of the heart muscle
The section of heart muscle that is deprived of oxygen begins to die
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain
Pulmonary embolism
A sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs.
Heart chamber coronary veins empty into
Right Atrium
Location of pulmonary and aortic valves and purpose
Semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the large vessels exiting the heart
*The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
*The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
Atrium Function
Upper chambers receive blood
Function of ventricles
the purpose of valves is to prevent backflow
Purpose of papillary muscles in ventricles
Tendineae Attached to papillary muscles of heart wall. Anchors heart.
Right and left pulmonary veins function and location of blood flow
the vessels that return blood to the heart from the lungs
between your lungs and your heart.
Base vs. Apex of the heart
Base- Base (superior end) points towards the right shoulder
Apex- Point of the heart
Mitral/Bicuspid valve locations
Atrioventricular (Tricupsid/mitral) valves are located between the atria and ventricles
Purpose of pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary circulation is the circuit from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart.
Possible result from hole in septum in infants
Mix blood, low oxygen saturation
When are the different heart valves open and closed
Atrium to ventricle
AV valves are open as atria contract & ventricles fill
AV valves close when ventricles contract
Foramen ovale location
commonly called a “hole in the heart”, results when the opening between the atria does not fully close after birth
middle cranial fossa
. Which direction do atrioventricular valve cusps open
- AV valves (Tricipid and Mitral) open into the ventricle
Which side of the heart is a MI more severe on?
Left side
Does the left side have to use more or less force to pump blood after MI?
More force
Put structural components in correct order
SA AV HIS Bundle brancher
SA node is normal pace maker
1st heart sound vs 2nd
First sound is caused by the closing of the AV valves
Second sound is caused by closing of the semilunar valves
Systole vs disastole and heart
Diastole
ventricles are relaxed and passively filling with blood from the atria
the atria will contract at the end of diastole to force remaining blood into ventricles
AV valves are open; semilunar valves are closed to prevent blood in the aorta and pulmonary trunk from falling back into the ventricles
Systole
Ventricles contract to force blood out through the aorta (left side) and trunk (right side)
AV valves are closed; semilunar valves are open
Direction of blood for most arteries and for most veins
Arteries- Away from heart (AA)
Veins- Towards heart
4 problems of tetralogy and repair for each (PROVE)
P- Pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis- Partial or complete blockage of semilunar valve
R- Should resolve with other repairs
O- Shunt to redirect and separate mixed blood
V- Mesh to close hole
E- Hehe fake
Highest blood pressure is in which tyoe of blood vessel
Arties- Since they are closer to the heart, they must be able to expand and withstand higher blood pressure
What is the acronym for stroke (FAST)
F- Face: drops
A- Arm: Uneven strength
S- Speech: Garbled
T- Time: Call 911
Waves of EKG
Order:
P
QRS
T
U
Disease associated with increased leukocytes
leukemia
