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A&P 202 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What do kidneys filter out the blood?

A 
Remove waste (Urea)
Test urine - Urinalysis
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2
Q

What 3 Nitrogenous wastes from blood are removed?

A

Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid

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3
Q

What is Ammonia a product of?

A

Digestion of proteins

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4
Q

What is Urea a product of?

A

Protein metabolism

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5
Q

What is Uric Acid a product of?

A

Break down of purines

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6
Q

What is the main nitrogenous waste in blood?

A

Urea

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7
Q

Urinary system regulates?

A

Blood volume
Blood pressure
Water excreted in the urine

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8
Q

Location, position, and appearance of the left kidney?

A

Vertebral level T12-L3
Below diaphragm, posterior to spleen
Larger, Bean shape

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9
Q

Location, position, and appearance of the right kidney?

A

Posterior abdomen
Below diaphragm, posterior to liver, lower
Smaller, Slimmer, Bean shape

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10
Q

2 major regions of the kidney?

A

Peripheral rim of cortex

Central Medulla

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11
Q

Central Medulla location and appearance?

A

Inner most part of kidney

Appear striated

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12
Q

How many lobes do human kidneys have?

A

7-11

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13
Q

The kidney lobe consist of?

A

Renal pyramid

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14
Q

Describe the Minor Calyces job?

A

Collects urine from pyramid

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15
Q

Describe the Major Calyces?

A

Surrounds the apex of renal pyramids

Urine formed in kidney passes here before renal pelvis

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16
Q

What enters through the Renal Artery?

A

Oxygenated blood

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17
Q

What leaves through the Renal Vein?

A

Deoxygenated blood

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18
Q

What leaves through the Ureter?

A

Pee

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19
Q

Blood flow from Aorta-Kidney-Inferior vena cava?

A
  1. Abdominal Aorta
  2. Left or Right Renal artery
  3. Segmental arteries
  4. Interlobar arteries
  5. Arcuate arteries
  6. Interlobular arteries
  7. Nephron
  8. Afferent arterioles
  9. Glomerulus
  10. Efferent arterioles
  11. Peritubular capillaries
  12. Interlobular vein
  13. Arcuate vein
  14. Interlobar vein
  15. Segmental vein
  16. Renal vein
  17. Inferior vena cava
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20
Q

What does it mean to be diuretic?

A

Increased passing of urine

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21
Q

What hormones play roles in the kidneys functionality?

A

Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Renin

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22
Q

How much do the kidneys filter a day?

A

50 gallons

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23
Q

How much is reabsorbed?

A

70%

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24
Q

Uriniferous Tubule is made of what 2 major areas?

A

Nephron and collecting ducts

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25
Detail the structures within the Uriniferous Tubule?
Divided into the proximal tubule, the intermediate (thin) tubule, the distal tubule and the collecting duct.
26
3 key steps to function of Uriniferous Tubule?
Filtration, Reabsorbtion, Secretion
27
Explain what these steps mean and what is happening during each step?
Filtration - Fluid squeezed out of Glomerular capillary bed Reabsorbtion - Most nutrients, water and ions are returned to the blood of the peritubular capillaries Secretion - Moves additional molecules into tubule from blood of peritubular capillaries
28
2 Major areas of Nephron?
Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
29
What are the 3 key tubular regions of the Nephron’s Tubular Section?
Proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
30
What happens in the distal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorb many ions and water
31
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorbs filtered glucose into peritubular capillaries
32
What happens in the loop of Henle?
Recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine
33
What are collecting ducts of kidney?
Collects urine from nephron and moves urine into the renal pelvis and ureters
34
How does ADH play a role with the collecting ducts?
Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on cells in the collecting ducts of the kidney and promotes reabsorption of water back into the circulation
35
Ureters structure and function?
Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. Muscles in the Ureters walls tighten and relax to force urine downward.
36
Sphincter muscle?
Two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra
37
Difference between sexes bladder?
Female sits below uterus | Men sits in front of rectum, above prostate gland
38
Difference between sexes urethra?
Female urethra embedded within vaginal wall, shorter | Male urethra is longer
39
How do we know we need to pee?
Nerve endings in the bladder wall send a message to the brain that you need to pee.
40
What is the make up of urine?
Water, Urea, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
41
What can we learn from urine?
Urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes
42
Why use urinalysis?
To detect and manage a wide range of disorders
43
Normal pee color?
Light yellow
44
Abnormal pee color?
Brown, Red
45
If abnormal, what could that mean?
Kidney failure, Infection, Food you eat
46
Normal pee odor?
Mild - not too noticeable
47
Abnormal pee odor?
Foul smelling
48
Abnormal pee odor could mean?
Medical condition or disease
49
Normal pH level of pee?
6 but ranges 4.5-8
50
Glucose found in urine means?
High blood sugar (diabetes, kidney disease)
51
Proteins found in urine means?
Kidney disease
52
Ketones found in urine means?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
53
Bile Pigments found in urine means?
Liver dysfunction
54
Red blood cells found in urine means?
A viral infection
55
White blood cells found in urine means?
Bacterial urinary tract infection
56
Casts found in urine means?
Kidney disease
57
Where is ADH made?
Hypothalamus
58
What hormone tells the kidney to hold fluid?
Antidiuretic
59
Important parts of kidney?
Renal Cortex Medulla Pyramids Renal Column - In between pyramids
60
How many entrance into kidney?
1 - Renal Artery
61
Renal artery breaks into?
Segmental artery
62
Segmental artery breaks into?
Lobar artery
63
Lobar artery break into?
Interlobars
64
Interlobars break into?
Arcuates
65
Yellow dots on the kidney are?
Glomerular
66
Nephron loop always in the?
Medulla
67
Glomerular always in the?
Cortex
68
Afferent brings everything into the?
Glomerulus
69
Efferent leaves out of the?
Glomerulus
70
Glomerulus job?
Filter
71
Outline of pathway?
``` Uriniferous tubule Nephron Renal Corpuscle Glomerulus Glomerular Capsule Tubular section Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct ```
72
Collecting duct dumps into?
Minor Calyx
73
All filtrate goes into?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
74
How does glucose cross membrane? Active or passive?
Passive - Facilitated diffusion
75
How does water cross membrane? Active or passive?
Osmosis - Passive
76
How does amino acid/sodium cross membrane? Active or passive?
Active - ATP
77
Glucose cannot get in membrane without?
Protein who gets permission from insulin
78
Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorbs how much sodium?
65%
79
Proximal Convoluted Tubule absorbs?
Glucose, water, amino acid and sodium
80
Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorbs how much water?
65%
81
What % of Bicarbonate is reabsorb in Proximal Convoluted Tubule?
90%
82
Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorbs how much chlorine and potassium?
50%
83
Loop of henle does what?
Create gradient of higher sodium within medulla
84
Loop of henle reabsorbs how much sodium?
25%
85
Loop of henle reabsorbs how much water?
15%
86
Loop of henle reabsorbs how much potassium?
40%
87
what does Aldosterone tell us to reabsorbs and excrete?
Sodium, water and excrete potassium
88
Aldosterone regulate pH by?
Secreting Hydrogen ion when pH of plasma is low
89
When you reach the DCT, how much of water remains? chlorine?
20% and 10%
90
Collecting duct role?
Collect urine - water
91
What hormone helps collecting duct?
ADH
92
Impact alcohol has on collecting duct?
Makes you pee which causes dehydration due to stopping hormone ADH

A&P 202 (8 decks)

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