Cardiovascular Flashcards
1
Q
CV system circulate blood through entire body for?
A
Transport oxygen
Transport carbon dioxide from cells
Transport nutrients to cells (glucose,protein,lipids)
Transport endocrine secretion
Movement of immune system (cells,antibodies)
2
Q
What blood cells fight infection?
A
White blood cells
3
Q
Antibodies are what macro?
A
Protein
4
Q
Describe the heart and what is connected to it?
A
Heart is the pump
Veins toward the Heart
Arteries away from Heart
5
Q
Capillaries are?
A
Where diffusion occurs (carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose exchange in and out of blood)
6
Q
Is the diffusion of capillaries passive or active?
A
Passive
7
Q
55% of blood is?
A
Plasma (liquid)
8
Q
45% of blood is?
A
Solid
9
Q
What is blood a mixture of?
A
Cells, water, proteins and sugars
10
Q
Facts about plasma?
A
pH of 7.35
90% water
10% dissolved gas, salt, nutrient, protein
11
Q
What are the 3 types of Protein plasma?
A
Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen
12
Q
What are Albumin and Globulin responsible for?
A
Transporting substances (fatty acids, hormone)
13
Q
What is Fibrinogen responsible for?
A
The ability for the blood to clot
14
Q
What is the measurement of % of red blood cells?
A
Hematocrit
15
Q
Leukocytes are also known as?
A
White blood cells
16
Q
What are the 5 types of white blood cells that protect against disease?
A
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes
17
Q
What Protein plasma is more prevalent in the blood?
A
Albumins
18
Q
What is the solid part of a blood clot?
A
Platelet
19
Q
What is Hemophilia?
A
People unable to clot their blood
20
Q
What is the most numerous type of blood cell?
A
Red blood cells
21
Q
Oxygen is transported by?
A
Red blood cells
22
Q
Where do red blood cells get their color?
A
Hemoglobin
23
Q
Where is red blood cells made?
A
Bone marrow
24
Q
How long do red blood cells circulate?
A
120 days
25
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection, bacteria/parasites
26
When their is an infection, what happens to the number of white blood cells?
They increase
27
What fights pathogens and remembers them?
Lymphocytes
28
What aids the body in clotting?
Platelets
29
What are common blood types?
O,A,B,AB
30
What is an Rh-Factor?
Antigen that causes body to produce antibodies
31
What does Rh+ mean?
The Rh Factor is present
32
What does Rh- mean?
The Rh Factor is not present
33
What is the most prevalent type of white blood cell?
Neutrophil
34
What is the least prevalent?
Basophil
35
Which white blood cells are granulocytes?
Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil
36
Parents both being AA will give you what blood type?
A
37
One parent being A, other being O will give you what blood type?
A
38
Both parents being BB will give you what blood type?
B
39
One parent being B, other being O will give you what?
B
40
One parent being A and the other being B will give you what blood type?
AB
41
AB is what type of genotype?
Codominance
42
Both parents being OO, will give you what blood type?
O
43
What do Antigens produce?
Antibodies
44
What is an Aorta?
Artery
45
The 3 holes at the top of the Aorta do what?
Feed everything above the heart
46
The descending Aorta does what?
Feeds everything below the heart
47
The superior vena cava does what?
Drains everything above the heart
48
The inferior vena cava does what?
Drains everything below the heart
49
The Coronary sinus does what?
Drains the heart itself
50
The Pulmonary veins do what?
Toward the heart from the lungs
51
The Pulmonary arteries do what?
Away from the heart to the lungs
52
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart from?
Coronary sinus, IVC, SVC
53
When the blood gets into the ventricle, what does the ventricle do?
Squeeze to move deoxygenated blood to the next valve
54
Pulmonary Valve other name?
Semi-lunar
55
What is another name for the valves in the heart?
Atrioventricular valve
56
Aortic Valve other name?
Semi-lunar
57
Where does the blood go to after Aortic Semi-lunar Valve?
Ascending Aorta
58
A little bit of blood drains from the Ascending Aorta and goes where?
Coronary Artery and feeds the heart itself
59
What are the 3 branches on the top of the Aorta?
The right branch is called the Brachiocephalic Artery that feeds the head and arms. It splits into the Right Subclavian artery that feeds right upper appendages. The other half called Right Common Carotid Artery feeds the right side of the neck, face, and brain.
The middle branch is called Left Common Carotid Artery that feeds the left side of the neck, face and brain.
The left branch is called the Left Subclavian Artery and feeds the left upper appendages.
60
What do Artieries do?
Feed everything in the body
61
What do Veins do?
Drain everything
62
Cardiac veins dump into?
The coronary sinus
63
What is the most superficial layer of the heart wall?
Epicardium
64
What is the middle layer of the heart wall?
Myocardium
65
What is the inner layer of the heart wall?
Endocardium
66
Viserca means what?
Organ
67
What is the other name for Epicardium?
Visceral pericardium
68
What valve makes Lub sound of the heart?
Bicuspid/Tricuspid valves
69
What valve makes the Dub sound of the heart?
Semi lunar valves
70
If you hear a whisper during heart beating what does that mean? what is this called?
Valve is not closing properly, Murmur
71
Heartstrings job?
Hold the flaps of the valve down
72
Where is the Cardiac center?
Medulla Oblongata in the brainstem
73
What kind of striations are only found in the heart?
Intercalated discs
74
Cardiac conduction system does what?
Tells the heart to squeeze
75
What is the first part of activating your cardiac muscles?
SA node - Sinoatrial
76
What is the Sinoatrial?
Where Coronary sinus and right atrium come together
77
Node means what?
Electricity
78
The SA Node is known as what? Why?
Pacemaker because it paces the heart
79
The impulse spreads from peacemaker to?
The rest of the atria
80
From the atria what happens?
A signal is sent to the atrioventricular node and then to the Purkinje System
81
What is the Purkinje composed of? (page 518)
AV Bundle, Right/Left Bundle branches, Bundle of fibers in the ventricle called Purkinje fibers reach into deepest part of ventricle
82
What are the last organ to mature in the fetus?
Lungs
83
If you go into early labor what kind of medicine will they give you?
Steroids
84
Umbilical cord provide what for babies?
Nutrients, Oxygen
85
What comes out of the Umbilical cord?
Waste
86
What is the Ligamentum Arteriosum?
Does nothing for adults - A duct to use umbilical cord for fetus
87
Fosssa Ovailis?
Indention in the Interatrial Septum
88
What is the Interatrial Septum?
Where a hole once was while fetus, but closes once born
89
Whats the most common hole in people hearts?
Interventricular Defect - Between the ventricles
90
What can happen if you have a hole between the ventricle?
Blood will mix and you could go into cardiac arrest
91
Vein to Artery you must go through?
The heart
92
Systolic Pressure is?
Force on arteries when ventricles contract
93
Diastolic Pressure is?
Force of blood on arteries when ventricles relax
94
What do Lymphatic Vessels do?
Transport and drain excess fluid away from Interstitial spaces - returning it to the bloodstream
95
Name of Lymphatic vessel that absorbs fats from digestion, then transports fats to the circulatory system?
Lacteals
96
Where are Lacteals located?
Lining of small intestine
97
Name of tiny filters that strain out invading organisms?
Network of Nodes
98
What does the Lymphatic system do?
Fight infection and provide immunity
99
Lymphatic system is what kind of system?
Vascular
100
What does fat do to your arteries and vessel of the heart?
Clog
101
Are people low or high in fiber?
Too low
102
What is the worst kind of fat?
Trans-fat
103
What kind of fat should be in our diet?
Unsaturated fat
104
Do Lymph glands exist?
No
105
Lymphatic system returns fats into the blood through which vein?
Subclavian veins
106
What is the trace/pathway our Lymphatic vessels flow?`
```
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Node
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Trunk
Collecting Duct
Subclavian Vein
```
107
R.I.C.E means?
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
108
What happens at the end of Lymphatic capillaries?
Diffusion
109
What is the fluid in the lymphatic system called?(pg559)
Lymph
110
Vessels merge to form large trunks to drain lymph, where?
Lumbar, Jugular, Intercostal, Intestinal (not R/L), Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian
111
What are the collecting ducts?
Thoracic Duct - Drain left side of body and both legs
| Right Lymphatic Duct - Drains the right upper quadrant of body
112
Where do the collecting ducts join?
Subclavian vein
113
Tonsils belong to what system?
Lymphatic
114
Of the 3 thymus hormones, which acts on the lymphocytes
Thymosin
115
Where do blood cells start?
Red Bone Marrow
116
What is the connection between yellow and red bone marrow?
Yellow bone marrow must be present for Red
117
T cells mature where?
Thymus
118
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow/Blood
119
T cells and B cells are?
Lymphocytes
120
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
121
What does the spleen do?
Clean blood
122
Where is the Spleen?
At the end of the pancreas
123
Lines of defense against pathogen?
```
Innate:
Species Resistant - things we are built to resist
Mechanical Barriers - Skin
Chemical Barriers - Sweat
Fever
Natural Killer - Kill anything that doesn't belong
Inflammation
Phagocytosis - eat and destroy bacteria
```
Adaptive:
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Antigen - Chemical that stimulate cells to produce Antibodies
Antibodies - Protein B cells produce
124
Lines of defense against pathogen?
```
Innate: Non-Specific
Species Resistant - things we are built to resist
Mechanical Barriers - Skin
Chemical Barriers - Sweat
Fever
Natural Killer - Kill anything that doesn't belong
Inflammation
Phagocytosis - eat and destroy bacteria
```
Adaptive: Specific
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Antigen - Chemical that stimulate cells to produce Antibodies
Antibodies - Protein B cells produce
Natural: Passed mom to child
Acquired: Built over time
Artificial: Vaccine
