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A&P 202 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

CV system circulate blood through entire body for?

A

Transport oxygen
Transport carbon dioxide from cells
Transport nutrients to cells (glucose,protein,lipids)
Transport endocrine secretion
Movement of immune system (cells,antibodies)

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2
Q

What blood cells fight infection?

A

White blood cells

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3
Q

Antibodies are what macro?

A

Protein

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4
Q

Describe the heart and what is connected to it?

A

Heart is the pump
Veins toward the Heart
Arteries away from Heart

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5
Q

Capillaries are?

A

Where diffusion occurs (carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose exchange in and out of blood)

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6
Q

Is the diffusion of capillaries passive or active?

A

Passive

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7
Q

55% of blood is?

A

Plasma (liquid)

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8
Q

45% of blood is?

A

Solid

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9
Q

What is blood a mixture of?

A

Cells, water, proteins and sugars

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10
Q

Facts about plasma?

A

pH of 7.35
90% water
10% dissolved gas, salt, nutrient, protein

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of Protein plasma?

A

Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen

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12
Q

What are Albumin and Globulin responsible for?

A

Transporting substances (fatty acids, hormone)

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13
Q

What is Fibrinogen responsible for?

A

The ability for the blood to clot

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14
Q

What is the measurement of % of red blood cells?

A

Hematocrit

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15
Q

Leukocytes are also known as?

A

White blood cells

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16
Q

What are the 5 types of white blood cells that protect against disease?

A

Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes

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17
Q

What Protein plasma is more prevalent in the blood?

A

Albumins

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18
Q

What is the solid part of a blood clot?

A

Platelet

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19
Q

What is Hemophilia?

A

People unable to clot their blood

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20
Q

What is the most numerous type of blood cell?

A

Red blood cells

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21
Q

Oxygen is transported by?

A

Red blood cells

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22
Q

Where do red blood cells get their color?

A

Hemoglobin

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23
Q

Where is red blood cells made?

A

Bone marrow

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24
Q

How long do red blood cells circulate?

A

120 days

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25
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Fight infection, bacteria/parasites

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26
Q

When their is an infection, what happens to the number of white blood cells?

A

They increase

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27
Q

What fights pathogens and remembers them?

A

Lymphocytes

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28
Q

What aids the body in clotting?

A

Platelets

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29
Q

What are common blood types?

A

O,A,B,AB

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30
Q

What is an Rh-Factor?

A

Antigen that causes body to produce antibodies

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31
Q

What does Rh+ mean?

A

The Rh Factor is present

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32
Q

What does Rh- mean?

A

The Rh Factor is not present

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33
Q

What is the most prevalent type of white blood cell?

A

Neutrophil

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34
Q

What is the least prevalent?

A

Basophil

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35
Q

Which white blood cells are granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil

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36
Q

Parents both being AA will give you what blood type?

A

A

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37
Q

One parent being A, other being O will give you what blood type?

A

A

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38
Q

Both parents being BB will give you what blood type?

A

B

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39
Q

One parent being B, other being O will give you what?

A

B

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40
Q

One parent being A and the other being B will give you what blood type?

A

AB

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41
Q

AB is what type of genotype?

A

Codominance

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42
Q

Both parents being OO, will give you what blood type?

A

O

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43
Q

What do Antigens produce?

A

Antibodies

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44
Q

What is an Aorta?

A

Artery

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45
Q

The 3 holes at the top of the Aorta do what?

A

Feed everything above the heart

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46
Q

The descending Aorta does what?

A

Feeds everything below the heart

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47
Q

The superior vena cava does what?

A

Drains everything above the heart

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48
Q

The inferior vena cava does what?

A

Drains everything below the heart

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49
Q

The Coronary sinus does what?

A

Drains the heart itself

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50
Q

The Pulmonary veins do what?

A

Toward the heart from the lungs

51
Q

The Pulmonary arteries do what?

A

Away from the heart to the lungs

52
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart from?

A

Coronary sinus, IVC, SVC

53
Q

When the blood gets into the ventricle, what does the ventricle do?

A

Squeeze to move deoxygenated blood to the next valve

54
Q

Pulmonary Valve other name?

A

Semi-lunar

55
Q

What is another name for the valves in the heart?

A

Atrioventricular valve

56
Q

Aortic Valve other name?

A

Semi-lunar

57
Q

Where does the blood go to after Aortic Semi-lunar Valve?

A

Ascending Aorta

58
Q

A little bit of blood drains from the Ascending Aorta and goes where?

A

Coronary Artery and feeds the heart itself

59
Q

What are the 3 branches on the top of the Aorta?

A

The right branch is called the Brachiocephalic Artery that feeds the head and arms. It splits into the Right Subclavian artery that feeds right upper appendages. The other half called Right Common Carotid Artery feeds the right side of the neck, face, and brain.

The middle branch is called Left Common Carotid Artery that feeds the left side of the neck, face and brain.

The left branch is called the Left Subclavian Artery and feeds the left upper appendages.

60
Q

What do Artieries do?

A

Feed everything in the body

61
Q

What do Veins do?

A

Drain everything

62
Q

Cardiac veins dump into?

A

The coronary sinus

63
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium

64
Q

What is the middle layer of the heart wall?

A

Myocardium

65
Q

What is the inner layer of the heart wall?

A

Endocardium

66
Q

Viserca means what?

A

Organ

67
Q

What is the other name for Epicardium?

A

Visceral pericardium

68
Q

What valve makes Lub sound of the heart?

A

Bicuspid/Tricuspid valves

69
Q

What valve makes the Dub sound of the heart?

A

Semi lunar valves

70
Q

If you hear a whisper during heart beating what does that mean? what is this called?

A

Valve is not closing properly, Murmur

71
Q

Heartstrings job?

A

Hold the flaps of the valve down

72
Q

Where is the Cardiac center?

A

Medulla Oblongata in the brainstem

73
Q

What kind of striations are only found in the heart?

A

Intercalated discs

74
Q

Cardiac conduction system does what?

A

Tells the heart to squeeze

75
Q

What is the first part of activating your cardiac muscles?

A

SA node - Sinoatrial

76
Q

What is the Sinoatrial?

A

Where Coronary sinus and right atrium come together

77
Q

Node means what?

A

Electricity

78
Q

The SA Node is known as what? Why?

A

Pacemaker because it paces the heart

79
Q

The impulse spreads from peacemaker to?

A

The rest of the atria

80
Q

From the atria what happens?

A

A signal is sent to the atrioventricular node and then to the Purkinje System

81
Q

What is the Purkinje composed of? (page 518)

A

AV Bundle, Right/Left Bundle branches, Bundle of fibers in the ventricle called Purkinje fibers reach into deepest part of ventricle

82
Q

What are the last organ to mature in the fetus?

A

Lungs

83
Q

If you go into early labor what kind of medicine will they give you?

A

Steroids

84
Q

Umbilical cord provide what for babies?

A

Nutrients, Oxygen

85
Q

What comes out of the Umbilical cord?

A

Waste

86
Q

What is the Ligamentum Arteriosum?

A

Does nothing for adults - A duct to use umbilical cord for fetus

87
Q

Fosssa Ovailis?

A

Indention in the Interatrial Septum

88
Q

What is the Interatrial Septum?

A

Where a hole once was while fetus, but closes once born

89
Q

Whats the most common hole in people hearts?

A

Interventricular Defect - Between the ventricles

90
Q

What can happen if you have a hole between the ventricle?

A

Blood will mix and you could go into cardiac arrest

91
Q

Vein to Artery you must go through?

A

The heart

92
Q

Systolic Pressure is?

A

Force on arteries when ventricles contract

93
Q

Diastolic Pressure is?

A

Force of blood on arteries when ventricles relax

94
Q

What do Lymphatic Vessels do?

A

Transport and drain excess fluid away from Interstitial spaces - returning it to the bloodstream

95
Q

Name of Lymphatic vessel that absorbs fats from digestion, then transports fats to the circulatory system?

A

Lacteals

96
Q

Where are Lacteals located?

A

Lining of small intestine

97
Q

Name of tiny filters that strain out invading organisms?

A

Network of Nodes

98
Q

What does the Lymphatic system do?

A

Fight infection and provide immunity

99
Q

Lymphatic system is what kind of system?

A

Vascular

100
Q

What does fat do to your arteries and vessel of the heart?

A

Clog

101
Q

Are people low or high in fiber?

A

Too low

102
Q

What is the worst kind of fat?

A

Trans-fat

103
Q

What kind of fat should be in our diet?

A

Unsaturated fat

104
Q

Do Lymph glands exist?

A

No

105
Q

Lymphatic system returns fats into the blood through which vein?

A

Subclavian veins

106
Q

What is the trace/pathway our Lymphatic vessels flow?`

A 
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Node
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Trunk
Collecting Duct
Subclavian Vein
107
Q

R.I.C.E means?

A

Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

108
Q

What happens at the end of Lymphatic capillaries?

A

Diffusion

109
Q

What is the fluid in the lymphatic system called?(pg559)

A

Lymph

110
Q

Vessels merge to form large trunks to drain lymph, where?

A

Lumbar, Jugular, Intercostal, Intestinal (not R/L), Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian

111
Q

What are the collecting ducts?

A

Thoracic Duct - Drain left side of body and both legs

Right Lymphatic Duct - Drains the right upper quadrant of body

112
Q

Where do the collecting ducts join?

A

Subclavian vein

113
Q

Tonsils belong to what system?

A

Lymphatic

114
Q

Of the 3 thymus hormones, which acts on the lymphocytes

A

Thymosin

115
Q

Where do blood cells start?

A

Red Bone Marrow

116
Q

What is the connection between yellow and red bone marrow?

A

Yellow bone marrow must be present for Red

117
Q

T cells mature where?

A

Thymus

118
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow/Blood

119
Q

T cells and B cells are?

A

Lymphocytes

120
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

121
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Clean blood

122
Q

Where is the Spleen?

A

At the end of the pancreas

123
Q

Lines of defense against pathogen?

A 
Innate:
Species Resistant - things we are built to resist
Mechanical Barriers - Skin
Chemical Barriers - Sweat
Fever
Natural Killer - Kill anything that doesn't belong
Inflammation
Phagocytosis - eat and destroy bacteria

Adaptive:
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Antigen - Chemical that stimulate cells to produce Antibodies
Antibodies - Protein B cells produce

124
Q

Lines of defense against pathogen?

A 
Innate: Non-Specific
Species Resistant - things we are built to resist
Mechanical Barriers - Skin
Chemical Barriers - Sweat
Fever
Natural Killer - Kill anything that doesn't belong
Inflammation
Phagocytosis - eat and destroy bacteria

Adaptive: Specific
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Antigen - Chemical that stimulate cells to produce Antibodies
Antibodies - Protein B cells produce

Natural: Passed mom to child
Acquired: Built over time
Artificial: Vaccine

A&P 202 (8 decks)

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