Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOPHIE'S ESA 3 > Urinary 1- Overview of the Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary 1- Overview of the Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Which vertebral levels do the kidneys lie at?

A

Left kidney- T11-L2

Right kidney- T12 -L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the dimensions and weight of the kidneys?

A

Length- 11-12cm,
Width- 5-7.5cm,
Depth- 2.5-3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

A

22-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the blood flow to the kidneys?

A

1200ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name four functions of the kidneys.

A
  1. Filter and excrete waste products
  2. Maintain water and electrolyte balance and therefore ECF
  3. Endocrine functions
  4. Control pH, volume and osmolarity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define osmolarity.

A

The number of osmoles of solute per litre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define osmolality

A

Solute per kilogram of solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the breakdown of fluid in a 70kg person.

A

40L
25L= intracellular fluid
15L= extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which direction does water cross semi-permeable membranes?

A

From low osmolarity to high osmolarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will happen to cells if ECF osmolarity is high?

A

Water will move out of cells and they will shrink.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do kidneys maintain ECF?

A

Maintaining bicarbonate levels in plasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are renal columns?

A

Areas of the cortex in between the renal pyramids of the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the parenchyma of the kidney?

A

The muscle of the kidney- cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the kidney structure, from out to in?

A

Renal fascia,
Perineal fat,
Renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Hilum?

A

It is the entrance and exit for neurovascular structures and the ureters into and out of the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is the Left renal vein longer than the right renal vein? (2)

A
  • the left gonadal vein drains into it.

- the IVC is to the right of the aorta and therefore further from the left kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a renal papilla?

A

It is the apex of a renal pyramid of the medulla of the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the flow of urine from the kidney to excretion.

A

Renal papilla-> minor calyx-> several minor calices form a major calyx-> renal pelvis-> ureter-> bladder-> urethra

19
Q

How long are the ureters?

A

25cm long

20
Q

What is the significance of shorter ureters in women? (2)

A
  • easier to contract a UTI as bacteria don’t need to travel as far.
  • easier to catheterise
21
Q

Describe the course of the ureters.

A

Arise from the renal pelvis
Travel down the abdomen on the anterior surface of psoas major
Cross the pelvic brim at the sacro iliac joint
Cross the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
Pierce the posterolateral aspect of the bladder.

22
Q

What is the significance of the oblique entry of the ureters into the bladder?

A

When the bladder fills, the high pressure causes the ureters to be ‘clamped’ down, therefore preventing backflow of urine.

23
Q

Approximately how many nephrons are in the kidneys?

A

1.5 million in each kidney

24
Q

What structure crosses the ureters anteriorly in both men and women?

A

Men- vas deferens

Women- uterine artery

25
Q

How much ECF do the kidneys filter every day?

A

180L

26
Q

How much urine does the average person produce each day?

A

1.5L

27
Q

List the order of structures passed during filtration and reabsorption.

A

Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct.

28
Q

Which is the major site of reabsorption?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule.

29
Q

What is the major function of the loop of Henle?

A

Create a gradient of higher osmolarity in the medulla.

30
Q

What are the three common points for kidney stones along the ureters?

A
  1. Uretopelvic junction (where the renal pelvis becomes the ureter)
  2. Pelvic brim
  3. Where the ureter enters the bladder
31
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

A funnel shaped chamber on which buried collects before passing down the ureters.

32
Q

Where is the detrusor muscle found and what is its function?

A

It is found in the bladder. It is smooth muscle that contracts to allow micturition.

33
Q

Describe the course of the urethra in men.

A

The urethra passes through the prostate gland and along the length of the penis.

34
Q

In men, what two things does the urethra convey?

A

Semen and urine.

35
Q

What are the kidneys micro filtering units called?

A

Nephrons

36
Q

What structures pass blood to and from the glomerulus?

A

To- Afferent arterioles

From- efferent arterioles.

37
Q

Briefly describe the course of filtration in the kidney nephrons.

A

Afferent arterioles bring blood to the glomerulus.
Efferent arterioles bring blood away from the glomerulus. The high pressures cause water and small molecules to leave the blood into the capsule.
Major reabsorption occurs at the PCT.
Further water and salt reabsorption occurs at the loop of Henle.
Variable reabsorption of water and electrolytes occurs in the DCT.
The collecting duct fine tunes the urine produced.

38
Q

What is the importance of rugae in the bladder?

A

These fold like structures allow distensibility of the bladder.

39
Q

What is the trigone?

A

It is the triangular shape formed in the smooth muscle portion of the bladder by the two entry points of the ureters, and the urethra.

40
Q

Describe the two urethral sphincters.

A

Internal urethral sphincter- only present in men and is under autonomic control. Prevents seminal backflow during ejaculation.
External urethral sphincter- present in both sexes. Under voluntary control. Relaxes to allow micturition.

41
Q

Where does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?

A

At the sacro-iliac joint level.

42
Q

What arteries supply the ureters? (Incl. men and women)

A 
The common and internal iliac arteries. 
Uterine artery (in women) and the inferior vesicle artery (in men).
43
Q

Where does the bladder lie?

A

Posterior to the pubic bones and pubic symphysis.

44
Q

What is the length of the urethra in men and women respectively?

A

20cm in men and 4cm in women.

SOPHIE'S ESA 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions