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Mariam Anatomy Year 2 > Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Urinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

In the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebrae T12-L3

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2
Q

Besides what vertebrae do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

What plane does the hilus of the kidney lie on?

A

Transpyloric plane

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4
Q

What is the hilus of the kidney?

A

Part on the medial concave border of the kidney through which blood vessels and the ureter enter/leave the substance of the kidney

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5
Q

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

A

L1

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6
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

Right kidney due to the liver

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7
Q

What is the covering of the kidneys called?

A

Fascial coverings of the kidneys

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8
Q

What 4 layers enclose each kidney (fascial of the kidneys)?

A

Fibrous renal capsule

Fatty renal capsule

Renal fascia (fibro-fatty tissue)

Pararenal fatty tissue (mainly on the posterior aspect of the kidney)

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Kidney

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Renal capsule

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Perirenal fat

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Renal fascia

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Pararenal fat

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14
Q

What is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidney?

A

Protection

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15
Q

What are the posterior relations (muscles) to the kidneys?

A

Diaphragm

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

What is A?

A

Diaphragm

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17
Q

What is B?

A

Psoas major

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18
Q

What is C?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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19
Q

What is the consequence of the close relation between the kidneys and the diaphragm?

A

They move during respiration

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20
Q

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal, along with the rest of the urinary tract

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21
Q

What are two parts of the GI tract that are retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas

Ascending/descending colon

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22
Q

What is the anterior surface of the kidneys related to?

A

Viscera of the GI system

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23
Q

What is the anterior relation to 1 on the right kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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24
Q

What is the anterior relation to 2 on the right kidney?

A

Liver

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25
Q

What is the anterior relation to 3 on the right kidney?

A

Duodenum

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26
Q

What is the anterior relation to 4 on the right kidney?

A

Colon

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27
Q

What is the anterior relation to 5 on the right kidney?

A

Jejenum

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28
Q

What is the anterior relation to 1 on the left kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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29
Q

What is the anterior relation to 2 on the left kidney?

A

Stomach

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30
Q

What is the anterior relation to 3 on the left kidney?

A

Spleen

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31
Q

What is the anterior relation to 4 on the left kidney?

A

Pancreas

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32
Q

What is the anterior relation to 5 on the left kidney?

A

Small bowel

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33
Q

What is the anterior relation to 6 on the left kidney?

A

Left colic flexure

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34
Q

Part of the kidneys are peritonised, what does this depend on?

A

If the organ that lies on that part of the kidney is peritonised then the kidney below it is also peritonised

If the organ is retroperitonised then the kidney below it will not be peritonised

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35
Q

Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

Sympathetic - T12 and L1, pass through coeliac ganglia and along renal artery to the organ

Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

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36
Q

Lymph from the kidneys are drained to where?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1)

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37
Q

What is A?

A

Renal cortex

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38
Q

What is B?

A

Renal medulla

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39
Q

What is C?

A

Renal papilla

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40
Q

What is D?

A

Renal pyramids

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41
Q

What is E?

A

Renal columns

42
Q

What is F?

A

Fibrous capsule

43
Q

What is G?

A

Minor calyx

44
Q

What is H?

A

Major calyx

45
Q

What is I?

A

Ureter

46
Q

What is J?

A

Renal pelvis

47
Q

What is K?

A

Renal vein

48
Q

What is L?

A

Renal artery

49
Q

What is M?

A

Hilum

50
Q

What are some parts within the medulla?

A

Renal pyramid

Calyx

Ureter

Renal pelvis

Hilum of the kidney

51
Q

What does this image show?

A

Kidney

52
Q

What is A?

A

Cortex of kidney

53
Q

What is B?

A

Medulla of kidney

54
Q

What is A?

A

Glomurular capilarries

55
Q

What is B?

A

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

56
Q

What is C?

A

Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule

57
Q

What is D?

A

Bowman’s space

58
Q

What does this show?

A

Renal corpuscle

59
Q

What does this show?

A

Nephron

60
Q

What is A?

A

Cortex

61
Q

What is B?

A

Medulla

62
Q

What is C?

A

Collecting duct

63
Q

What is D?

A

Loop of Henle

64
Q

What is E?

A

Collecting tubule

65
Q

What is F?

A

Distal convulated tubule

66
Q

What is G?

A

Renal corpuscle

67
Q

What is H?

A

Proximal convulated tubule

68
Q

What is I?

A

Capsule

69
Q

What does this show?

A

Renal corpuscle

70
Q

What is A?

A

Glomerulus

71
Q

What is B?

A

Bowman’s capsule (space)

72
Q

Filtration of blood plasma takes place where?

A

Renal corpuscle

73
Q

Renal corpuscles are always found where?

A

Renal cortex

74
Q

After leaving the renal corpuscle, the filtrate passes through the renal tubule in what order?

A

1) Proximal convulated tubule (in the renal cortex)
2) Loop of Henle (in the medulla)
3) Distal convulated tubule (in thhe renal cortex)
4) Collecting tubule (in the medulla)
5) Collecting duct (in the medulla)

75
Q

Where is the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule found?

A

Close to renal corpuscle, in a structure known as the juxtaglomerular complex

76
Q

What lies between the visceral and parietal layers of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Bowman’s space

77
Q

At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1/L2

78
Q

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?

A

Divides into 5 branches

79
Q

What consequence does the relationship between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava have on the renal arteries and veins?

A

Left renal vein travels anterior to aorta and is long, while right renal vein travels direct and is short

Conversely, right renal artery travels posterior to inferior vena cava and is long, left renal artery travels direct and is short

80
Q

What vein travels up from the pelvis and drains into the left renal vein?

A

Left gonadal vein

81
Q

What is A?

A

Left gonadal vein

82
Q

What is B?

A

Right gonadal vein

83
Q

Is the ureter retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

84
Q

What is the ureter?

A

A distensible muscular tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder

85
Q

In what cavities does the ureter lie?

A

Proximal portion - abdominal cavity

Distal portion - pelvic cavity

86
Q

What does the ureter commence as?

A

Dilated portion called the renal pelvis

87
Q

Where does the renal pelvis lie in relationt to the renal vessels?

A

Posterior

88
Q

What does the ureter lie on as it descends?

A

Psoas major

89
Q

What is the path of the ureter from kidney to bladder?

A

Descends along psoas major -> cross anterior to bifurcation of common iliac artery -> courses along lateral wall of pelvis -> turns medially to reach bladder

90
Q

In a male, what crosses the ureter superiorly?

A

Ductus (vas) deferens

91
Q

In a female, what crosses the ureter superiorly?

A

uterine artery

92
Q

What are the 3 constrictors in the ureters where calculi (stones) often lodge?

A

1) Origin
2) Pelvic brim
3) Vesiculo-ureteric junction

93
Q

Which part of the bladder does the ureter enter?

A

Lateral aspect in oblique manner

94
Q

From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

A

Urinary meatus

95
Q

Embryologically, what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

Urachus

96
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the walls of the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

97
Q

What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the urinary bladder?

A

Pubic symphysis

98
Q

What symptoms can be present if a bladder is enlarged and reaches into the abdominal cavity?

A

Difficulty urinating

99
Q

What is the relation between the peritoneal and the urinary bladder?

A

Parietal peritoneum from the inferior part of abdominal wall drapes over superior surface of urinary bladder and dips behind posterior surface to form peritoneal pouches

100
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureter?

A

Transitional epithelium

101
Q

What is the advantage of transitional epithelium lining the ureter and urinary bladder?

A

Does not allow leakage

102
Q
A

Mariam Anatomy Year 2 (21 decks)

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