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Mariam Anatomy Year 2 > Nervous 1 > Flashcards

Nervous 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in?

A

Foramen magnum

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2
Q

What cavity of the ventricular system that lie within the brainstem?

A

Ventricle IV

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Pons

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Medulla

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6
Q

What cranial nerves can you see emerging from the pontomedullar junction?

A

CV VI

CN VII

CN VIII

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7
Q

What cranial nerve emerges from the pontomedullary junction and has the longest course?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

What is D?

A

CN VI

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9
Q

What is E?

A

VII/VIII

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10
Q

The long course course of CN VII makes it vulnerable to what?

A

Injury by increased cranial pressure or other mechnical factors

Consequences of this nerve being damaged is Bell’s palsy

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11
Q

What is A?

A

Pyramid

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12
Q

What is B?

A

Anterior fissure

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13
Q

What is C?

A

Ventero-lateral sulcus

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14
Q

What is D?

A

Postero-lateral sulcus

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15
Q

What is E?

A

Decussation of pyramids

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16
Q

What is F?

A

Olive

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17
Q

What is G?

A

Pons

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18
Q

What produces the pyramids?

A

Corticospinal tract

Corticobulbar tract

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19
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract run between?

A

From cerebral cortex to spinal cord

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20
Q

Where does the corticobulbar tract run between?

A

From motor cortex in front lobe to CN in brainstem

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21
Q

What produces the decissation of the pyramids?

A

Corticospinal tracts crossing

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22
Q

What forms the olives?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

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23
Q

Posteriorly on the medulla, some parts can be identified as “open” and some as “closed”, which is more superior?

A

Open is superior

Closed in inferior

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24
Q

What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open into?

A

Ventricle IV

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25
Q

Through which structure does the medulla pass through to become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen magnum

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26
Q

What is A?

A

Midbrain

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27
Q

What is B?

A

Pons

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28
Q

What is C?

A

Medulla

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29
Q

What is D?

A

Spinal cord

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30
Q

What is E?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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31
Q

What is A. B and C?

A

A - supperior cerebellar peduncle

B - middle cerebellar peduncle

C - inferior cerebellar peduncle

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32
Q

What is the middle cerebellar peduncle made up of?

A

Ascending sensory and descending motor tracts

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33
Q

What is immediately superior to the midbrian?

A

Diencephalon

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34
Q

What is immediately posterior to the cerebellum?

A

Pons

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35
Q

What kinds of fibres make up the cerebellar peduncles?

A

Ascending sensory and descending motor

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36
Q

What is A?

A

Cerebral peduncles of midbrain

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37
Q

What is B?

A

Superior colliculus

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38
Q

What is C?

A

Inferior colliculus

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39
Q

What is D?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle (fibres that run from midbrain to cerebellum)

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40
Q

The cerebral peduncles are made up of what?

A

Ascending sensory and descending motor fibres

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41
Q

The superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles connects what to what?

A

Superior - cerebellum to midbrain

Middle - cerebellum to pons

Inferior - cerebellum to medulla

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42
Q

The diencephalon is made up of what?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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43
Q

What two parts of the brian does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Cerebrum and brainstem

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44
Q

What are the surface projections visible on the hypothalamus called?

A

Optic chiasm

Pituitary stalk

Mammillary bodies

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45
Q

What is A?

A

Interpedunicular fossa

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46
Q

What is B?

A

Cerebral peduncle

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47
Q

What is C?

A

Mamillary body

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48
Q

What is D?

A

Optic chiasm

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49
Q

What is E?

A

Optic nerve

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50
Q

What is F?

A

Optic tract

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51
Q

What is G?

A

Uncus

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52
Q

What is H?

A

Pons

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53
Q

What is I?

A

Medulla oblongata

54
Q

What is K?

A

Pyramid

55
Q

What is L?

A

Olive

56
Q

What is the midline structure seperating the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

57
Q

What is A?

A

Vermis

58
Q

What is B?

A

Anterior lobe

59
Q

What is C?

A

Posterior lobe

60
Q

What is D?

A

Flocculonodular lobe

61
Q

To what parts of the brain is the cerebrum connected to by peduncles?

A

Midbrain (by superior peduncle)

Pons (by middle peduncle)

Medulla (by inferior peduncle)

62
Q

What is the name given to the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebrum?

A

Ventricle IV

63
Q

What is the cranial fossa called that the cerebellum is in contact with?

A
64
Q

What foramen of the skull does the cerebellum sit above?

A

Foramen magnum

65
Q

What is the part of the cerebellum called that sites above the foramen magnum?

A

Cerebellar tonsils

66
Q

What is it called when the tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum?

A

Cerebellar coning

67
Q

What fissure seperates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

68
Q

What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus collosum?

A

Commissural fibres

69
Q

What are the different types of nerve fibres?

A

Association

Commissural

Projection

70
Q

What does the cerebrum sit on?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

Posteriorly, the tentorium cerebelli

71
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Fold of dura mater which covers over the cerebellum

72
Q

What is the fold of dura mater that covers over the cerebellum called?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

73
Q

What lobe contains the primary motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

74
Q

What lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

75
Q

What lobe contains the primary sensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

76
Q

What lobe contains the primary auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

77
Q

What is A?

A

Postcentral gyrus

78
Q

What is B?

A

Occipital lobe

79
Q

What is C?

A

Transverse fissure

80
Q

What is D?

A

Cerebellum

81
Q

What is E?

A

Medulla

82
Q

What is F?

A

Pons

83
Q

What is G?

A

Lateral sulcus

84
Q

What is H?

A

Temporal lobe

85
Q

What is I?

A

Frontal pole

86
Q

What is J?

A

Frontal lobe

87
Q

What is K?

A

Precentral gyrys

88
Q

What is L?

A

Central sulcus

89
Q

What is M?

A

Parietal lobe

90
Q

What is N?

A

Septum pellucidum

91
Q

What is O?

A

Hypothalamus

92
Q

What is P?

A

Pons

93
Q

What is Q?

A

Midbrain

94
Q

What is R?

A

Medulla

95
Q

What is S?

A

Cerebellum

96
Q

What is T?

A

4th ventricle

97
Q

What is U?

A

Cerebral aquaduct

98
Q

What is V?

A

Thalamus

99
Q

What is W?

A

Choroid plexus

100
Q

What is X?

A

Corpus collosum

101
Q

What is A?

A

Inferior frontal sulcus

102
Q

What is B?

A

Superior frontal sulcus

103
Q

What is C?

A

Pre-central sulcus

104
Q

What is D?

A

Central sulcus

105
Q

What is E?

A

Post-central sulcus

106
Q

What is F?

A

Marginal sucus

107
Q

What is G?

A

Inter-parietal sulcus

108
Q

What is H?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

109
Q

What is I?

A

Lateral occpital sulcus

110
Q

What is J?

A

Pre-occipital notch

111
Q

What is K?

A

Inferior-temporal sulcus

112
Q

What is L?

A

Superior temporal sulcus

113
Q

What is M?

A

Lateral sulcus

114
Q

What is N?

A

Ascending ramus

115
Q

What is O?

A

Anterior ramus

116
Q

What part of vertebrae is removed to expose spinal cord?

A

Spinous process

117
Q

What muscle might be encountered when removing spinous processes to expose spinal cord?

A

Erector spinae

118
Q

What ligaments might be encountered when removing spinous processes to expose spinal cord?

A

Ligamentum flavin

Supraspinous ligament

Interspinous ligament

119
Q

What other structures apart from the spinal cord and meninges lie in the spinal canal?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

120
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults and children?

A

Children - between L2/L3

Adult - between L1/L2 (called conus medallis)

121
Q

At what vertebra level does the dura mater terminate in children and adults?

A

Children - S3

Adults - S2

122
Q

What vertebrae level does the arachnoid mater end at?

A

S2

123
Q

What happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord?

A

Extends as filum terminate

124
Q

What vertebral level is a LP done?

A

L4/L5

125
Q

How would you position a patient for a lumbar puncture to gain access to the lumbar cistern?

A

Spinal flexion to open space between vertebrae

126
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

127
Q

What are lesions to spinal nerve called?

A

LMN lesions

128
Q

What are lesions to the spinal cord called?

A

UMN lesions

129
Q

Is damage to the cauda equina classified as UMN or LMN lesion?

A

LMN lesion

130
Q

What are UMN and LMN lesions characterised by?

A

UMN - spasticity, increased muscle tone and complex sensory syndromes

LMN - flaccid paralysis, global sensory change

Mariam Anatomy Year 2 (21 decks)

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