Urinalysis Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

10 routine tests in chemical urinalysis

A
  1. Urobilinogen
  2. Biliruben
  3. Protien
  4. Nitrites
  5. Specific Gravity
  6. Ketone
  7. Leukocyte
  8. pH
  9. Blood
  10. Glucose
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2
Q

Chemical urinalysis QA guidelines

A
  1. Make sure all pads are covered
  2. Do not leave caps off
  3. Do not touch pads
  4. Do not combine strips
  5. Dont use expired strips
  6. Do not refrigerate
  7. Keep in cool dry place
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3
Q

Results from breakdown of biliruben in colon by bacteria

A

Urobilinogen

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4
Q

Normally too large to pass through glomerulus rebal disease: proteinuria

A

Protein

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5
Q

Intensely yellow pigmented substance not soluble in water (liver)

A

Biliruben

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6
Q

Bacteria nitrate to nitrite

A

Nitrites

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7
Q

Weight of urine as compared to equal volume of water

A

Specific gravity

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8
Q

Products of fat metabolism oxidized by muscles

A

Ketone

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9
Q

White blood cells in urine

A

Leukocyte

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10
Q

Most important aid in identification of urine crystals

A

ph

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11
Q

Hemoglobin, myoglobin,erythrocytes

A

Blood

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12
Q

Sugar tested for in urine

A

Glucose

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13
Q

Guidelines to helphigh quality results when using reagent test strips

A

Ensure urine stick is completely covered

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14
Q

Confirmatory for biliruben

A

Ictotest

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15
Q

Confirmatory for reducing sugar/substance

A

Clinitest

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16
Q

Confirmatory for ketones

A

Acetest

17
Q

Red blood cells in urine

A

Hematuria

18
Q

What results could be positive on a reagent strip to indicate a UTI

A

blood, protien, nitrites,leukocytes

19
Q

What results could be positive if a patient has diabetes?

A

Glucose,ketones

20
Q

Positive biliruben test results could be caused by what liver diseases?

A

Hepatitis, sclerosis, jaundice

21
Q

Positive erythrocytes(RBC) in urine could be an indication of?

A

Kidney stones

22
Q

What does presence of nitrites indicate in fresh urine?

A

Bacteria

23
Q

Qualitative and semi quantitative urine tests

A

Qualitative-indicates if particular analyte is present

Semiquantative- determines approximate quantity of an analyte

24
Q

Procedure for preparing urine for microscopic examination

A

12 mL, 5 mins in centrifuge, mix up sediment and put into 10 slides, take out after 5 mins and pour off supernatant

25
Q

Liquid portion of urine on top of spun sediment

A

Supernatant

26
Q

Material at the bottom of centrifuge tube of urine

A

Sediment

27
Q

RBC (red blood cells)

A

Round, no nucleus, colorless

28
Q

WBC (white blood cells)

A

Has nucleus, larger than rbc, more granular

29
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Lathe, come from lining of vagina,

30
Q

Casts

A

Shaped like tube, lower power field

31
Q

Crystals

A

Counted on LPF, identified under HPF

32
Q

Objectives used to view microscopic urines

A

Low power field 10x

High power field 40x

33
Q

Amorphous

A

Without shape

34
Q

Tiny, rod shaped, or round (infection)

A

Bacteria

35
Q

Small oval organism.or budding

A

Yeast

36
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis, pear shaped, causes STDs

A

Parasites

37
Q

Artifacts or contaminants

A

Hair, air bubbles, fecal matter….