Urinalysis

Question 1

What do you inspect urine for?

Answer 1

• Colour
  
  • Straw coloured - normal
  • Dark concentrated - dehydrated
  • Red/pink - haematuria
  • Brown - bile pigments/myoglobin
• Clarity
  
  • Clear - normal
  • Cloudy-debris - UTI
  • Frothy - nephrotic syndrome
• Odour
  
  • Offensive - UTI
  • Sweet - diabetes

Question 2

What are the steps?

Answer 2

1. Don
2. Check patients details
3. Inspect colour, clarity and smell
4. Check expiratory date of strip
5. Place strip into urine sample (all zones emersed)
6. Remove test stip removing excess urine
7. Place horizontal on paper towel
8. Interpret each test at appropriate time interval
9. Discard waste into correct bins and wash hands

Question 3

Cause?

Answer 3

UTI, MSSU should be done to confirm

Question 4

Cause?

Answer 4

Glomerulonephritis - most common type is IgA

Renal biopsy to confirm

Question 5

Cause?

Answer 5

Bladder tumour

Confirm by cystoscopy and biopsy of lesion

Question 6

Cause?

Answer 6

Nephrotic syndrome

Renal biopsy to confirm

Question 7

What does specific gravity tell you?

Answer 7

The higher the value the more dehydrated you are

(normal value between 1.002 and 1.030)

Question 8

What does the presence of leukocytes and nitrates in urine suggest?

Answer 8

UTI

Question 9

What does presence of glucose in urine suggest?

Answer 9

Diabetes

Question 10

What does presence of glucose, ketones and low urinary pH suggest?

Answer 10

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 11

What does raised specific gravity and proteinuria suggest?

Answer 11

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

What would presence of blood suggest?

Answer 12

Glomerulonephritis, renal calculi or bladder malignancy