Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal RR?

A

12-15 breaths/min at rest

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2
Q

What are some abnormalities of the chest wall?

A
  • Barrel chest
    • Asthma or emphysema
  • Pigeon chest
    • Severe childhood asthma
  • Sternal depression
    • Congenital
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3
Q

What are the 4 different percussion notes and what could they indicate?

A
  • Hyper-resonance
    • More air than normal, emphysema, pneumothorax
  • Dull or impaired
    • Less air, lung collapse, consolidation or fibrosis
  • Stony dullness
    • Fluid present, large pleural effusion
  • Upper border liver dullness
    • Usually 5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line, lower than normal when emphysema is present
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4
Q

In what conditions can breath sounds be diminished?

A
  • Abnormally thickened chest wall
  • Emphysema
  • Poor chest movement due to pain
  • Fluid or air in pleural cavity
  • Pleural thickening
  • Total obstruction of large airway
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5
Q

When can breath sounds be increased?

A

Through thin chest wall

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6
Q

What can cause the expiratory phase of breathing to be prolonged?

A
  • Narrowing of airway
    • Bronchitis, asthma
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7
Q

What are examples of added sounds and what do they indicate?

A
  • Wheezes
    • Expiration, in asthma
  • Crackles
    • End of inspiration
    • Fine - reopening of airways that have become blocekd in expiration such as in pulmonary oedema
    • Course - air bubbling through secretions, bronchitis or COPD
  • Pleural friction rub
    • Pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
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8
Q

What does increased or decreased vocal resonance indicate?

A
  • Increased
    • Consolidation or cavity formation
  • Decreased
    • Fluid in cavity or reduced ventilation in lung due to bronchail narrowing or lobar collapse due to tumour
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9
Q

Fine tremor?

A

Overuse of B-agonists

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10
Q

Normal crico-sternal distance?

A

2-3 fingers

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11
Q

What is crico-sternal distance reduced in?

A

COPD

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12
Q

What do you comment on in auscultation?

A
  • Breathing vesicular or bronchial
  • Loudness of sounds
  • Added sounds
  • Abnormalities in inspiration or expiration
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What do you comment on in vocal resonance?

A

Loudness and clarity of sound

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15
Q

By how much can PEFR be below expected?

A

Males - 100L/min

Females - 85L/min

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16
Q

What are the different kinds of inhalers?

A

Pressurised metered-dose inhaler

Dry powder device

17
Q

How long should breath be held using inhalers?

A

10 seconds

18
Q

How long should be waited between inhaler doses?

A

30-60 seconds (unless DPI)

19
Q
A
20
Q
A